The wave equation in L^p-spaces
The abstract Cauchy problem \[ u(t)=Au(t),\;t\geq 0,\quad u(0)=f,\;u'(0)=g, \] is considered, where \(A\) is a closed linear operator on a Banach space \(X\). A concrete example is \(X=L^p(\Omega)\), \(1\leq p\leq \infty\), where \(\Omega-\mathbb{R}^N\) or \(\Omega\) is an open subset of \(\mathbb{R}^N\) and the operator \(A\) is the Laplacian \(\Delta\) with appropriate domain. In this article, the case \(H_0^1(\Omega)\neq H^1(\mathbb{R}^N)\) is considered. Then boundary conditions have to be taken into account and included in the domain of definition of the operator \(A\). Dirichlet, Neumann and mixed boundary conditions are considered there. It is proved that if \(A\) is a closed linear selfadjoint operator which generates a \(C_0\)-semigroup \(\{T(t)\}_{t\geq 0}\) on \(L^2(\Omega)\) and is such that the operator \(T(t)=e^{tA}\) has a kernel \(K(t,\cdot,\cdot)\) satisfying a Gaussian upper estimate, then it generates an \(\alpha\)-times integrated cosine function on \(L^p(\Omega)\), \(1\leq p<\infty\), for any \(\alpha>N| \tfrac 12-\tfrac 1p|\) if \(|\Omega|<\infty\) and for any \(\alpha>(N+1)|\tfrac 12-\tfrac 1p|\) if \(|\Omega|=\infty\). In the case when \(\Omega\) is a cube in \(\mathbb{R}^N\), the Laplacian with Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions is proved to generate an \(\alpha\)-times integrated cosine function on \(L^p(\Omega)\), \(1\leq p<\infty\), for any \(\alpha>(N-1)|\tfrac 12-\tfrac 1p|\).
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