Classification of ribbon 2-knots of 1-fusion with length up to six

DOI10.1016/J.TOPOL.2020.107521MaRDI QIDQ820665zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Taizo Kanenobu, Kota Takahashi

Publication date 27 September 2021

Published in Topology and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/j.topol.2020.107521

zbMATH Keywords

\mathbb{C})\)Alexander polynomialrepresentation to \(\operatorname{SL}(2ribbon 2-knottwisted Alexander polynomial

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Higher-dimensional knots and links (57K45) Fundamental group, presentations, free differential calculus (57M05)

Review text

A ribbon 2-knot of 1-fusion is a ribbon 2-knot obtained by adding a 1-handle to a trivial 2-component 2-link; that is, a ribbon 2-knot of 1-fusion is a 2-sphere smoothly embedded in \(S^4\) obtained by adding a 1-handle to the boundary of a pair of disjoint 3-balls smoothly embedded in \(S^4\). Any ribbon 2-knot of 1-fusion is described by a presentation \(R(p_1, q_1, \ldots, p_n, q_n)\), where \(p_1, q_1, \ldots, p_n, q_n\) are integers, and the length of \(R(p_1, q_1, \ldots, p_n, q_n)\) is the sum \(|p_1|+|q_1|+\cdots +|p_n|+|q_n|\). The main result is that the authors enumerate ribbon 2-knots of 1-fusion with length up to six, and classify them up to ambient isotopy. \newline They calculate the Alexander polynomials, which yield sets of ribbon 2-knots \(\mathcal{B}_i\) \((i=1, \ldots, 25)\) with the same Alexander polynomial. Then, they find isotopic pairs of knots using Yasuda's construction and its generalization due to the first author and Matsuda [\textit{T. Kanenobu} and \textit{M. Matsuda}, J. Knot Theory Ramifications 29, No. 7, Article ID 2050048, 14 p. (2020; Zbl 1448.57022)]. For the remaining knots with the same Alexander polynomials, they distinguish several of them by an invariant for ribbon 2-knots of 1-fusion, called the trace set. The trace set is a multi-set given by irreducible representations to \(SL(2, \mathbb{C})\) of the knot group \(\pi_1(S^4-K)\) of a ribbon 2-knot \(K\) of 1-fusion, defined by using Riley's results [\textit{R. Riley}, Q. J. Math., Oxf. II. Ser. 35, 191--208 (1984; Zbl 0549.57005) and Mathematika 32, 248--264 (1985; Zbl 0591.20049)] and the property that the knot group has two meridional generators and one relation. Then, they distinguish the remaining knots by the twisted Alexander polynomials associated to irreducible representations to \(SL(2, \mathbb{C})\) of each knot group. In particular, they show the chirality of several knots by the non-reciprocity of the twisted Alexander polynomial. The authors remark that there are some errata in Table 4 due to the first author and \textit{T. Sumi} [Commun. Korean Math. Soc. 33, No. 2, 591--604 (2018; Zbl 1397.57044)], that lists up the irreducible representations to \(SL(2, \mathbb{C})\) and the associated twisted Alexander polynomials; and the errata are corrected in Table 4 in this paper.

Recommendations

• Extension of Takahashi’s ribbon 2-knots with isomorphic groups
• Classification of a family of ribbon 2-knots with trivial Alexander polynomial
• Presentation of a ribbon 2-knot
• Ribbon knots of 1-fusion, the Jones polynomial, and the Casson-Walker invariant. (With an appendix by Tsuyoshi Sakai)
• Unknotting and fusion numbers of ribbon 2-knots
• Ribbon 2-knots with symmetric union presentations
• Motions of trivial links, and ribbon knots
• ON RIBBON PRESENTATIONS OF RIBBON KNOTS
• Amphicheirality of ribbon 2-knots
• Ribbon 2-knots of ribbon crossing number four

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Cited in

(9)

• Alexander polynomials of simple-ribbon knots
• Classification of Abe-Tange's ribbon knots
• Ribbon knots of 1-fusion, the Jones polynomial, and the Casson-Walker invariant. (With an appendix by Tsuyoshi Sakai)
• Classification of a family of ribbon 2-knots with trivial Alexander polynomial
• Presentation of a ribbon 2-knot
• Extension of Takahashi’s ribbon 2-knots with isomorphic groups
• On knots that divide ribbon knotted surfaces
• A plat form presentation for surface-links
• Meridional epimorphisms between ribbon 2-knot groups

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