Abstract: Important properties of a particle, wave or a statistical system depend on the form of a dispersion relation (DR). Two commonly-discussed dispersion relations are the gapless phonon-like DR and the DR with the energy or frequency gap. More recently, the third and intriguing type of DR has been emerging in different areas of physics: the DR with the gap in momentum, or -space. It has been increasingly appreciated that gapped momentum states (GMS) have important implications for dynamical and thermodynamic properties of the system. Here, we review the origin of this phenomenon in a range of physical systems, starting from ordinary liquids to holographic models. We observe how GMS emerge in the Maxwell-Frenkel approach to liquid viscoelasticity, relate the -gap to dissipation and observe how the gaps in DR can continuously change from the energy to momentum space and vice versa. We subsequently discuss how GMS emerge in the two-field description which is analogous to the quantum formulation of dissipation in the Keldysh-Schwinger approach. We discuss experimental evidence for GMS, including the direct evidence of gapped DR coming from strongly-coupled plasma. We also discuss GMS in electromagnetic waves and non-linear Sine-Gordon model. We then move on to discuss the recently developed quasihydrodynamic framework which relates the -gap with the presence of a softly broken global symmetry and its applications. Finally, we review recent discussions of GMS in relativistic hydrodynamics and holographic models. Throughout the review, we point out essential physical ingredients required by GMS to emerge and make links between different areas of physics, with the view that new and deeper understanding will benefit from studying the GMS in seemingly disparate fields and from clarifying the origin of potentially similar underlying physical ideas and equations.
Recommendations
Cites work
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4051050 (Why is no real title available?)
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4070476 (Why is no real title available?)
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 47393 (Why is no real title available?)
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3581758 (Why is no real title available?)
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3243649 (Why is no real title available?)
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3050310 (Why is no real title available?)
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3104255 (Why is no real title available?)
- AdS/CFT duality user guide
- Black hole elasticity and gapped transverse phonons in holography
- Black holes and entropy
- Brownian Motion of a Quantum Oscillator
- Building a holographic superconductor
- Damping of hard excitations in strongly coupled \( \mathcal{N} = 4\) plasma
- Dual gauge field theory of quantum liquid crystals in two dimensions
- Effective action for relativistic hydrodynamics: fluctuations, dissipation, and entropy inflow
- Entropy production, viscosity bounds and bumpy black holes
- Exotic holographic dispersion
- Field theory of non-equilibrium systems
- From strong to weak coupling in holographic models of thermalization
- Gauge/gravity duality. Foundations and applications
- Gauge/string duality, hot QCD and heavy ion collisions
- Group theory. Application to the physics of condensed matter.
- Holographic quantum matter
- Holographic superconductors
- Holographic viscoelastic hydrodynamics
- Introduction to holographic superconductors
- Large N field theories, string theory and gravity
- Lectures on hydrodynamic fluctuations in relativistic theories
- Low frequency propagating shear waves in holographic liquids
- Low-energy modes in anisotropic holographic fluids
- On Dissipative Systems and Related Variational Principles
- PT symmetry. In quantum and classical physics. With contributions from Patrick E. Dorey, Clare Dunning, Andreas Fring, Daniel W. Hook, Hugh F. Jones, Sergii Kuzhel, Géza Lévai and Roberto Tateo
- Physics of strongly coupled plasma.
- Quantal-classical correspondence impulse theory
- Quantum dissipative systems.
- Quantum field theory in a nutshell.
- Quantum many-particle systems
- Schwinger's quantum action principle. From Dirac's formulation through Feynman's path integrals, the Schwinger-Keldysh method, quantum field theory, to source theory
- Second-order transport, quasinormal modes and zero-viscosity limit in the Gauss-Bonnet holographic fluid
- Solid holography and massive gravity
- The complex life of hydrodynamic modes
- The large-\(N\) limit of superconformal field theories and supergravity
- The world as a hologram
- Theory of simple liquids. With applications to soft matter
- Transport properties of holographic defects
- Universality of anomalous conductivities in theories with higher-derivative holographic duals
- Unstable quantum systems
- Viscosity bound violation in holographic solids and the viscoelastic response
- Zoology of condensed matter: framids, ordinary stuff, extra-ordinary stuff
Cited in
(19)- Chiral magnetic waves in strongly coupled Weyl semimetals
- Holography and magnetohydrodynamics with dynamical gauge fields
- Holographic supersolids
- U(1) quasi-hydrodynamics: Schwinger-Keldysh effective field theory and holography
- Aspects of univalence in holographic axion models
- Collective dynamics and the Anderson-Higgs mechanism in a Bona fide holographic superconductor
- Quasinormal modes of a semi-holographic black brane and thermalization
- Viscoelastic hydrodynamics and holography
- The complex life of hydrodynamic modes
- A unified description of translational symmetry breaking in holography
- Relativistic liquids: GENERIC or EIT?
- On the universality of \( \mathrm{AdS}_2\) diffusion bounds and the breakdown of linearized hydrodynamics
- Quasi-solid state microscopic dynamics in equilibrium classical liquids: self-consistent relaxation theory
- Upper bound of the charge diffusion constant in holography
- Hydrodynamic dispersion relations at finite coupling
- Bose system critical dynamics near quantum phase transition
- Nambu-Goldstone modes in non-equilibrium systems from AdS/CFT correspondence
- Pseudo-spontaneous U(1) symmetry breaking in hydrodynamics and holography
- Dynamical quantum indistinguishability
This page was built for publication: Gapped momentum states
Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q823219)
