Noncommutative momentum and torsional regularization

DOI10.1007/S10701-020-00357-1MaRDI QIDQ828346zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 8 January 2021

Published in Foundations of Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1712.09997

regularization Einstein-Cartan theory torsion vacuum polarization finite renormalization noncommutative momentum

Yang-Mills and other gauge theories in mechanics of particles and systems (70S15) Feynman integrals and graphs; applications of algebraic topology and algebraic geometry (81Q30) Spinor and twistor methods applied to problems in quantum theory (81R25) Commutation relations and statistics as related to quantum mechanics (general) (81S05) Axiomatic quantum field theory; operator algebras (81T05) Feynman diagrams (81T18) Electromagnetic interaction; quantum electrodynamics (81V10) Gravitational interaction in quantum theory (81V17) Relativistic gravitational theories other than Einstein's, including asymmetric field theories (83D05) Simple homotopy type, Whitehead torsion, Reidemeister-Franz torsion, etc. (57Q10)

Abstract: We show that in the presence of the torsion tensor

S_{p h a n t o m k i j}^{k}

, the quantum commutation relation for the four-momentum, traced over spinor indices, is given by

[p_{i}, p_{j}] = 2 i h b a r S_{p h a n t o m k i j}^{k} p_{k}

. In the Einstein--Cartan theory of gravity, in which torsion is coupled to spin of fermions, this relation in a coordinate frame reduces to a commutation relation of noncommutative momentum space,

[p_{i}, p_{j}] = i e p s i l o n_{i j k} U p^{3} p_{k}

, where

U

is a constant on the order of the squared inverse of the Planck mass. We propose that this relation replaces the integration in the momentum space in Feynman diagrams with the summation over the discrete momentum eigenvalues. We derive a prescription for this summation that agrees with convergent integrals: [ intfrac{d^4p}{(p^2+Delta)^s} ightarrow 4pi U^{s-2}sum_{l=1}^infty int_0^{pi/2} dphi frac{sin^4phi,n^{s-3}}{[sinphi+UDelta n]^s}, ] where

n = s q r t l (l + 1)

and

D e l t a

does not depend on

p

. We show that this prescription regularizes ultraviolet-divergent integrals in loop diagrams. We extend this prescription to tensor integrals. We derive a finite, gauge-invariant vacuum polarization tensor and a finite running coupling. Including loops from all charged fermions, we find a finite value for the bare electric charge of an electron:

a p p r o x - 1.22, e

. This torsional regularization may therefore provide a realistic, physical mechanism for eliminating infinities in quantum field theory and making renormalization finite.

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