The moduli of quasi-homogeneous Stein surface singularities
A quasi-homogeneous complex surface singularity is a two dimensional complex analytic variety \(V\), with a distinguished point \(p\in V\) that admits an holomorphic action of the multiplicative group \(\mathbb{C}^{\ast}\), and such that every non-singular orbit accumulates at \(p\). In this interesting paper, the authors give the classification of the quasi-homogeneous surface singularities which are Stein and endowed with an analytic (global) \(\mathbb{C}^{\ast}\)-action, via the construction of the moduli space of pairs \((V,\varphi)\), where \(V\) is a normal Stein analytic variety of dimension two and \(\varphi\) is a \(\mathbb{C}^{\ast}\)-action with isolated singularities with at least one dicritical singularity, i.e., with infinitely many local separatrices of the foliation \(\mathcal{F}_{\varphi}\) induced by \(\varphi\) passing through it (Theorem 1). This result is given in terms of the resolution data of \(\mathcal{F}_{\varphi}\) at \(p\) and it is done in the following steps: (1) The description of the resolution of \(p\) as a singular point of \(V\) and as a singular point of \(\mathcal{F}_{\varphi}\) (Theorem 2), and which can be considered as an analytic version of a result of \textit{P. Orlik} and \textit{P. Wagreich} [Ann. Math. (2) 93, 205--228 (1971; Zbl 0212.53702)]. In particular, the authors show the existence in the divisor of the resolution of \(p\in V\) of a unique element \(\sigma_{0}\), of arbitrary genus, on which \(\mathbb{C}^{\ast}\) acts transversely. (2) The linearization of the resolution of \(\mathcal{F}_{\varphi}\) at \(p\) around \(\sigma_{0}\) (Theorem 3). (3) The extension of the the linearization to the basin of attraction of \(p\in V\) (Theorem 4), for which is proved that it is the whole \(V\) (Theorem~5). On one hand, the motivation of this work comes from the classical results for the algebraic case of Orlik and Wagreich [loc. cit. and \textit{P. Orlik}, Seifert manifolds. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer-Verlag (1972; Zbl 0263.57001)]. Concretely, the classification of 2-dimensional affine algebraic varieties embedded in \(\mathbb{C}^{n+1}\), with an isolated singularity at the origin that are invariant by an algebraic \(\mathbb{C}^{\ast}\)-action of the form \(\varphi_{Q}(t,(z_{0},\dots,z_{n}))=(t^{q_{0}}z_0,\dots,t^{q_n}z_n)\), with \(Q=(q_{0},\dots,q_{n})\in\mathbb{N}^{+}\). On the the other hand, the study of holomorphic flows on Stein spaces of dimension two of \textit{M. Suzuki} [Lect. Notes Math. 670, 80--88 (1978; Zbl 0401.32014); Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér. (4) 10, 517--546 (1977; Zbl 0403.32020)]. There is an important consequence of the proof of the main result for a pair \((V,\varphi)\) where \(V\) is a normal Stein analytic variety of dimension two and \(\varphi\) is a \(\mathbb{C}^{\ast}\)-action with isolated singularities with at least one dicritical singularity: \(V\) is an affine variety and \(\varphi\) is an algebraic action of the form \(\varphi_{Q}\). In particular, \(p\in V\) is a quasi-homogeneous surface singularity and the unique isolated singularity of \(\varphi\). Moreover, if \(V\) is a smooth Stein surface, \(V\) is biholomorphic to \(\mathbb{C}^2\). The paper is very well written and proves interesting and nice results concerning global aspects of \(\mathbb{C}^{\ast}\)-actions on Stein surfaces.
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