Calibrated associative and Cayley embeddings

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Abstract: Using the Cartan-Kahler theory, and results on real algebraic structures, we prove two embedding theorems. First, the interior of a smooth, compact 3-manifold may be isometrically embedded into a G_2-manifold as an associative submanifold. Second, the interior of a smooth, compact 4-manifold K, whose double has a trivial bundle of self-dual 2-forms, may be isometrically embedded into a Spin(7)-manifold as a Cayley submanifold. Along the way, we also show that Bochner's Theorem on real analytic approximation of smooth differential forms, can be obtained using real algebraic tools developed by Akbulut and King.


The authors prove two nice theorems: 1. Assume that \((K^3,g)\) is a closed, oriented real analytic Riemannian \(3\)-manifold. Then there exists a \(G_2\)-manifold \((N^7,\varphi)\) and an isometric embedding \(i:K\hookrightarrow N\) such that the image \(i(K)\) is an associative submanifold of \(N\). Moreover, \((N, \varphi)\) can be chosen so that \(i(K)\) is the fixed point set of a nontrivial \(G_2\)-involution \(r: N\to N\). 2. Assume \((K^4, g)\) is a closed, oriented, real analytic Riemannian \(4\)-manifold with a trivial bundle of self-dual forms. Then there exists a \(\text{Spin}(7)\)-manifold \((N^8, \mathbf{\Psi})\) and an isometry embedding \(i: K\hookrightarrow N\) whose image is a Cayley submanifold in \(N\). Moreover, \((N^8, \mathbf{\Psi})\) can be chosen so that \(i(K)\) is the fixed locus of a nontrivial \(\text{Spin}(7)\)-involution \(r: N\to N\). From these theorems they derive two corollaries: 1. the interior of a smooth compact \(3\)-manifold can be isometrically embedded into a \(G_2\)-manifold as an associative submanifold 2. the interior of a smooth, compact \(4\)-manifold \(K\), whose double sum has a trivial bundle of self-dual \(2\)-forms, can be isometrically embedded into a \(\text{Spin}(7)\)-manifold as a Cayley submanifold.











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