Bi-orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle, regular semi-classical weights and integrable systems

DOI10.1007/S00365-005-0616-7zbMATH Open1103.05091arXivmath/0412394OpenAlexW2048378107MaRDI QIDQ853538FDOQ853538

Authors: Peter J. Forrester, Nicholas S. Witte 

Publication date: 17 November 2006

Published in: Constructive Approximation (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: The theory of bi-orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle is developed for a general class of weights leading to systems of recurrence relations and derivatives of the polynomials and their associated functions, and to functional-difference equations of certain coefficient functions appearing in the theory. A natural formulation of the Riemann-Hilbert problem is presented which has as its solution the above system of bi-orthogonal polynomials and associated functions. In particular for the case of regular semi-classical weights on the unit circle $w(z)=pro{d}_{j=1}^m(z-z_j(t){)}^{h{o}_j}$, consisting of $minmathbb{Z}_{>0}$ finite singularities, difference equations with respect to the bi-orthogonal polynomial degree $n$ (Laguerre-Freud equations or discrete analogs of the Schlesinger equations) and differential equations with respect to the deformation variables $z_j(t)$ (Schlesinger equations) are derived completely characterising the system.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0412394

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zbMATH Keywords

differential equationsRiemann-Hilbert problemLaguerre-Freud equationsfunctional-difference equationsSchlesinger equations

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.) (33C45) Painlevé and other special ordinary differential equations in the complex domain; classification, hierarchies (34M55) Dynamics of complex polynomials, rational maps, entire and meromorphic functions; Fatou and Julia sets (37F10) General theory of difference equations (39A05)

Cited In (18)

• Universal parity effects in the entanglement entropy of XX chains with open boundary conditions
• About several classes of bi-orthogonal polynomials and discrete integrable systems
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• Semiclassical orthogonal polynomial systems on nonuniform lattices, deformations of the Askey table, and analogues of isomonodromy
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