Bäcklund transformations, Ward solitons, and unitons

DOI10.4310/JDG/1175266254MaRDI QIDQ861783zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Bo Dai, Chuu-Lian Terng

Publication date 31 January 2007

Published in Journal of Differential Geometry (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0405363

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Geometric theory, characteristics, transformations in context of PDEs (35A30) Soliton equations (35Q51) Relations of infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian dynamical systems with topology, geometry and differential geometry (37K25) Lie-Bäcklund and other transformations for infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems (37K35) Soliton theory, asymptotic behavior of solutions of infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems (37K40) Global Riemannian geometry, including pinching (53C20) Correspondences and other transformation methods (e.g., Lie-Bäcklund) for PDEs on manifolds (58J72)

Abstract: The Ward equation, also called the modified 2+1 chiral model, is obtained by a dimension reduction and a gauge fixing from the self-dual Yang-Mills field equation on $R^{2,2}$. It has a Lax pair and is an integrable system. Ward constructed solitons whose extended solutions have distinct simple poles. He also used a limiting method to construct 2-solitons whose extended solutions have a double pole. Ioannidou and Zakrzewski, and Anand constructed more soliton solutions whose extended solutions have a double or triple pole. Some of the main results of this paper are: (i) We construct algebraic B"acklund transformations (BTs) that generate new solutions of the Ward equation from a given one by an algebraic method. (ii) We use an order $k$ limiting method and algebraic BTs to construct explicit Ward solitons, whose extended solutions have arbitrary poles and multiplicities. (iii) We prove that our construction gives all solitons of the Ward equation explicitly and the entries of Ward solitons must be rational functions in $x,y$ and $t$. (iv) Since stationary Ward solitons are unitons, our method also gives an explicit construction of all $k$-unitons from finitely many rational maps from $C$ to $C^n$.

Recommendations

• Ward's solitons
• Ward’s Solitons II: Exact Solutions
• Reduced dynamics of Ward solitons
• Holomorphic vector bundles and Ward solitons
• Solutions of Ward's integrable model in (2+1) dimensions

Cited in

(16)

• Noncommutative multisoliton solutions of a supersymmetric chiral model
• Harmonic maps into the orthogonal group and null curves
• Bäcklund transformations, energy shift and the plane wave limit
• Holomorphic vector bundles corresponding to some soliton solutions of the Ward equation
• Compactified twistor fibration and topology of Ward unitons
• The inverse spectral theory for the Ward equation and for the 2+1 chiral model.
• New constructions of twistor lifts for harmonic maps
• Ward’s Solitons II: Exact Solutions
• Explicit construction of harmonic two-spheres into the complex Grassmannian
• Generators for rational loop groups
• Reduced dynamics of Ward solitons
• All harmonic 2-spheres in the unitary group, completely explicitly
• Higher-order conservation laws for the nonlinear Poisson equation via characteristic cohomology
• Filtrations, factorizations and explicit formulae for harmonic maps
• A class of overdetermined systems defined by tableaux: involutiveness and the Cauchy problem
• The Cauchy problem of the Ward equation

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