Searching for realistic 4d string models with a Pati--Salam symmetry. Orbifold grand unified theories from heterotic string compactification on a Z₆ orbifold

DOI10.1016/J.NUCLPHYSB.2004.10.035MaRDI QIDQ874516zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Tatsuo Kobayashi, Stuart Raby, Ren-Jie Zhang

Publication date 10 April 2007

Published in Nuclear Physics B (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0409098

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

String and superstring theories; other extended objects (e.g., branes) in quantum field theory (81T30) Unified quantum theories (81V22)

Abstract: Motivated by orbifold grand unified theories, we construct a class of three-family Pati-Salam models in a Z6 abelian symmetric orbifold with two discrete Wilson lines. These models have marked differences from previously-constructed three-family models in prime-order orbifolds. In the limit where one of the six compactified dimensions (which lies in a Z2 sub-orbifold) is large compared to the string length scale, our models reproduce the supersymmetry and gauge symmetry breaking pattern of 5d orbifold grand unified theories on an S1/Z2 orbicircle. We find a horizontal 2+1 splitting in the chiral matter spectra -- 2 families of matter are localized on the Z2 orbifold fixed points, and 1 family propagates in the 5d bulk -- and identify them as the first-two and third families. Remarkably, the first two families enjoy a non-abelian dihedral D4 family symmetry, due to the geometric setup of the compactified space. In all our models there are always some color triplets, i.e. (6,1,1) representations of the Pati-Salam group, survive orbifold projections. They could be utilized to spontaneously break the Pati-Salam symmetry to that of the Standard Model. One model, with a 5d E6 symmetry, may give rise to interesting low energy phenomenology. We study gauge coupling unification, allowed Yukawa couplings and some of their phenomenological consequences. The E6 model has a renormalizable Yukawa coupling only for the third family. It predicts a gauge-Yukawa unification relation at the 5d compactification scale, and is capable of generating reasonable quark/lepton masses and mixings. Potential problems are also addressed, they may point to the direction for refining our models.

Recommendations

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• On the duality between perturbative heterotic orbifolds and M-theory on \(T^4/Z_N\)
• Four-family =1 supersymmetric Pati–Salam models from intersecting D6-branes
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• Orbifold and orientifold compactifications of F-theory and M-theory to six and four dimensions
• The \(Z_4\times Z_4\) orbifold model at an enhancement point and the \(2^6\) model
• 4D Conformal Field Theories and Strings on Orbifolds
• ``Anomalous U(1) symmetry in orbifold string models
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