2D superconductivity: classification of universality classes by infinite symmetry

DOI10.1016/J.NUCLPHYSB.2005.04.013MaRDI QIDQ875829zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Carlo A. Trugenberger

Publication date 16 April 2007

Published in Nuclear Physics B (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0410265, http://cds.cern.ch/record/798161

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Statistical mechanics of superconductors (82D55)

Abstract: I consider superconducting condensates which become incompressible in the infinite gap limit. Classical 2D incompressible fluids possess the dynamical symmetry of area-preserving diffeomorphisms. I show that the corresponding infinite dynamical symmetry of 2D superconducting fluids is the coset $$, with $W_{1+infty}$ the chiral algebra of quantum area-preserving diffeomorphisms and I derive its minimal models. These define a discrete set of 2D superconductivity universality classes which fall into two main categories: conventional superconductors with their vortex excitations and unconventional superconductors. These are characterized by a broken $U(1{)}_{mvector}otimesU(1{)}_{maxial}$ symmetry and are labeled by an integer level $m$. They possess neutral spinon excitations of fractional spin and statistics $S=hetaover2pi=m-1over2m$ which carry also an $SU(m)$ isospin quantum number; this hidden $SU(m)$ symmetry implies that these anyon excitations are non-Abelian. The simplest unconventional superconductor is realized for $m=2$: in this case the spinon excitations are semions (half-fermions). My results show that spin-charge separation in 2D superconductivity is a universal consequence of the infinite symmetry of the ground state. This infinite symmetry and its superselection rules realize a quantum protectorate in which the neutral spinons can survive even as soft modes on a rigid, spinless charge condensate.

Review text

I consider superconducting condensates which become incompressible in the infinite gap limit. Classical 2D incompressible fluids possess the dynamical symmetry of area-preserving diffeomorphisms. I show that the corresponding infinite dynamical symmetry of 2D superconducting fluids is the coset \({W_{1+\infty} \otimes \overline W_{1+\infty} \over U(1)_{\text{diagonal}}}\), with \(W_{1+\infty}\) the chiral algebra of quantum area-preserving diffeomorphisms and I derive its minimal models. These define a discrete set of 2D superconductivity universality classes which fall into two main categories: conventional superconductors with their vortex excitations and unconventional superconductors. These are characterized by a broken \(\text{U}(1)_{\text{vector}} \otimes \text{U}(1)_{\text{axial}}\) symmetry and are labeled by an integer level \(m\). They possess neutral spinon excitations of fractional spin and statistics \(S = {\theta \over 2\pi} = {{m-1} \over 2m}\) which carry also an \(\text{SU}(m)\) isospin quantum number; this hidden \(\text{SU}(m)\) symmetry implies that these anyon excitations are non-abelian. The simplest unconventional superconductor is realized for \(m=2\): in this case the spinon excitations are semions (half-fermions). My results show that spin-charge separation in 2D superconductivity is a universal consequence of the infinite symmetry of the ground state. This infinite symmetry and its superselection rules realize a quantum protectorate in which the neutral spinons can survive even as soft modes on a rigid, spinless charge condensate.

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Cites work

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Cited in

(4)

• Unconventional minimal subtraction and Callan–Symanzik methods for Lorentz-violating scalar field theories at all loop orders
• NLO critical exponents of O(N) λ ϕ4 scalar field theories in curved spacetime
• Squeezing as a probe of the universality hypothesis
• Superconductors with topological order

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