The subadditive ergodic theorem and generic stretching factors for free group automorphisms.

DOI10.1007/S11856-006-0001-7zbMATH Open1173.20031arXivmath/0504105OpenAlexW2037380895MaRDI QIDQ877464FDOQ877464

Vadim A. Kaimanovich, Ilya Kapovich, Paul E. Schupp

Publication date: 23 April 2007

Published in: Israel Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Given a free group $F_k$ of rank $kge2$ with a fixed set of free generators we associate to any homomorphism $phi$ from $F_k$ to a group $G$ with a left-invariant semi-norm a generic stretching factor, $lambda(phi)$, which is a non-commutative generalization of the translation number. We concentrate on the situation when $phi:F_{k}oAut(X)$ corresponds to a free action of $F_k$ on a simplicial tree $X$, in particular, when $phi$ corresponds to the action of $F_k$ on its Cayley graph via an automorphism of $F_k$. In this case we are able to obtain some detailed ``arithmetic information about the possible values of $lambda=lambda(phi)$. We show that $lambdage1$ and is a rational number with $2klambdainmathbbZ[frac12k-1]$ for every $phiinAut(F_k)$. We also prove that the set of all $lambda(phi)$, where $phi$ varies over $Aut(F_k)$, has a gap between 1 and $1+frac2k-32k^2-k$, and the value 1 is attained only for ``trivial reasons. Furthermore, there is an algorithm which, when given $phi$, calculates $lambda(phi)$.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0504105

zbMATH Keywords

automorphismsCayley graphsfree groupshomomorphismsfree actionstranslation numbersgeneric stretching factorsleft-invariant semi-norms

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Sums of independent random variables; random walks (60G50) Free nonabelian groups (20E05) Automorphisms of infinite groups (20E36) Geometric group theory (20F65) Ergodic theorems, spectral theory, Markov operators (37A30)

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Cited In (14)

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