Surface bundles over surfaces with arbitrarily many fiberings

DOI10.2140/GT.2015.19.2901MaRDI QIDQ888891zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 3 November 2015

Published in Geometry \& Topology (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1407.2062, http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.765.5894

zbMATH Keywords

surface bundles

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Topology of vector bundles and fiber bundles (57R22)

Abstract: In this paper we give the first example of a surface bundle over a surface with at least three fiberings. In fact, for each

n g e 3

we construct

4

-manifolds

E

admitting at least

n

distinct fiberings

p_{i} : E o S i g m a_{g_{i}}

as a surface bundle over a surface with base and fiber both closed surfaces of negative Euler characteristic. We give examples of surface bundles admitting multiple fiberings for which the monodromy representation has image in the Torelli group, showing the necessity of all of the assumptions made in the main theorem of our recent paper [arXiv:1404.0066]. Our examples show that the number of surface bundle structures that can be realized on a

4

-manifold

E

with Euler characteristic

d

grows exponentially with

d

.

Review text

The author gives a first example of a 4-manifold \(E\) that can be written as a surface bundle over a surface with base and fiber both closed surfaces of negative Euler characteristic in at least 3 different ways. In fact, for each \(n\geq 3\), \(g_1\geq 2\) there exists a 4-manifold \(E\) and integers \(g_2,\ldots,g_n\) (which can be chosen so that \(g_1,\ldots,g_n\) are pairwise distinct), and maps \(p_i: E\to \Sigma_{g_i}\) realizing \(E\) as a surface bundle over a surface in at least \(n\) ways, distinct up to \(\pi_1\)-fiberwise diffeomorphism. If \(g_i\neq g_j\), also the fibers of \(p_i\) and \(p_j\) have distinct genera; consequently \(p_i\) and \(p_j\) are inequivalent up to fiberwise diffeomorphism. The construction can be done such that at least one of the monodromy representations \(\rho_i:\pi_1\Sigma_{g_i}\to \text{Mod}_{h_i}\) has image contained in the Torelli group \(\mathcal{I}_{h_i}\leq\text{Mod}_{h_i}\). This contrasts a recent theorem of the same author [\textit{N. Salter}, Algebr. Geom. Topol. 15, No. 6, 3613--3652 (2015; Zbl 1334.57029)] that if the monodromy is contained in the Johnson kernel \(\mathcal{K}_{h_i}\leq \mathcal{I}_{h_i}\) then a surface bundle \(\pi: E\to B\) over a surface admits two distinct such structures only if \(E\) is diffeomorphic to \(B\times B'\), the product of the base spaces. Furthermore, the author shows that there is a sequence of surface bundles over surfaces \(E_n\) with Euler characteristic \(\chi(E_n)=24n-8\) such that \(E_n\) admits \(2^n\) fiberings as surface bundles over a surface, distinct up to \(\pi_1\)-fiberwise diffeomorphism. Generalizing a theorem of \textit{F. E. A. Johnson} [Arch. Math. 73, No. 2, 81--89 (1999; Zbl 1003.20036)], the author also proves that a 4-manifold \(E\) with \(\chi(E)=4d\) can admit at most \(F(d)=\sigma_0(d)(d+1)^{2d+6}\) distinct such fiberings, where \(\sigma_0(d)\) denotes the number of divisors of \(d\).

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