Heat kernel expansions, ambient metrics and conformal invariants

DOI10.1016/J.AIM.2015.09.015MaRDI QIDQ890136zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Andreas Juhl

Publication date 9 November 2015

Published in Advances in Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1411.7851

zbMATH Keywords

heat kernel\(Q\)-curvaturerenormalized volumeambient metricGJMS-operatorsAdS-CFT duality

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Vector distributions (subbundles of the tangent bundles) (58A30) Elliptic equations on manifolds, general theory (58J05) Heat and other parabolic equation methods for PDEs on manifolds (58J35)

Abstract: The conformal powers of the Laplacian of a Riemannian metric which are known as the GJMS-operators admit a combinatorial description in terms of the Taylor coefficients of a natural second-order one-parameter family $H(r;g)$ of self-adjoint elliptic differential operators. $H(r;g)$ is a non-Laplace-type perturbation of the conformal Laplacian $P_2(g)=H(0;g)$. It is defined in terms of the metric $g$ and covariant derivatives of the curvature of $g$. We study the heat kernel coefficients $a_{2k}(r;g)$ of $H(r;g)$ on closed manifolds. We prove general structural results for the heat kernel coefficients $a_{2k}(r;g)$ and derive explicit formulas for $a_0(r)$ and $a_2(r)$ in terms of renormalized volume coefficients. The Taylor coefficients of $a_{2k}(r;g)$ (as functions of $r$) interpolate between the renormalized volume coefficients of a metric $g$ ($k=0$) and the heat kernel coefficients of the conformal Laplacian of $g$ ($r=0$). Although $H(r;g)$ is not conformally covariant, there is a beautiful formula for the conformal variation of the trace of its heat kernel. As a consequence, we give a heat equation proof of the conformal transformation law of the integrated renormalized volume coefficients. By refining these arguments, we also give a heat equation proof of the conformal transformation law of the renormalized volume coefficients itself. The Taylor coefficients of $a_2(r)$ define a sequence of higher-order Riemannian curvature functionals with extremal properties at Einstein metrics which are analogous to those of integrated renormalized volume coefficients. Among the various additional results the reader finds a Polyakov-type formula for the renormalized volume of a Poincar'e-Einstein metric in terms of $Q$-curvature of its conformal infinity and additional holographic terms.

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