Separable elastic Banach spaces are universal

DOI10.1016/J.JFA.2015.10.008MaRDI QIDQ892683zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Dale Alspach, Bünyamin Sarı

Publication date 11 November 2015

Published in Journal of Functional Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1502.03791

zbMATH Keywords

Banach spaceBourgain's indexelastic Banach spacesuniversal Banach spaces

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Isomorphic theory (including renorming) of Banach spaces (46B03) Classical Banach spaces in the general theory (46B25)

Abstract: A Banach space $X$ is elastic if there is a constant $K$ so that whenever a Banach space $Y$ embeds into $X$, then there is an embedding of $Y$ into $X$ with constant $K$. We prove that $C[0,1]$ embeds into separable infinite dimensional elastic Banach spaces, and therefore they are universal for all separable Banach spaces. This confirms a conjecture of Johnson and Odell. The proof uses incremental embeddings into $X$ of $C(K)$ spaces for countable compact $K$ of increasing complexity. To achieve this we develop a generalization of Bourgain's basis index that applies to unconditional sums of Banach spaces and prove a strengthening of the weak injectivity property of these $C(K)$ that is realized on special reproducible bases.

Review text

In their solution to Schäffer's problem about the Banach-Mazur diameter problem (that the Banach-Mazur diameter of the isomorphic class of a separable space is infinite) [Ann. Math. (2) 162, No. 1, 423--437 (2005; Zbl 1098.46011)], \textit{W. B. Johnson} and \textit{E. Odell} introduced the notion of elastic Banach space as follows. A Banach space \(X\) is said to be \(K\)-elastic if, whenever a Banach space \(Y\) embeds into \(X\), then it \(K\)-embeds into \(Y\) (i.e., there is an isomorphism \(T\) from \(Y\) into \(X\) with \(\|y\|\leq \|T y\| \leq K \|y\|\) for every \(y\in Y\)). \(X\) is elastic if it is \(K\)-elastic for some \(K\). \(C[0,1]\) is isometrically universal for separable spaces, so it is \(1\)-elastic. Therefore, if a separable Banach space contains an isomorphic copy of \(C[0,1]\), then it is elastic. Johnson and Odell [loc. cit.] asked whether the converse of this result is true, and the paper under review gives the positive answer to this. That is, it is proved that every separable infinite-dimensional elastic Banach space contains an isomorphic copy of \(C[0,1]\). To get this result, the authors develop a generalization of the Bourgain index and many other deep results. Let us finally comment that the result of the paper under review can be used to give another proof of Johnson-Odell's result [loc. cit.].

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Cited in

(2)

• Coarse and Lipschitz universality
• The diameter of the isomorphism class of a Banach space

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