A complete complex hypersurface in the ball of C^N

DOI10.4007/ANNALS.2015.182.3.4MaRDI QIDQ894312zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 30 November 2015

Published in Annals of Mathematics. Second Series (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1401.3135

bounded complete holomorphic embeddings complete complex manifolds complete holomorphic immersions

Geometric convexity in several complex variables (32F99) Holomorphic mappings, (holomorphic) embeddings and related questions in several complex variables (32H02) Global submanifolds (53C40)

Abstract: In 1977 P.Yang asked whether there exist complete immersed complex submanifolds g : M^k --> C^N with bounded image. A positive answer is known for holomorphic curves (k=1) and partial answers are known for the case when k>1. The principal result of the present paper is a construction of a holomorphic function on the open unit ball B_N of C^N whose real part is unbounded on every path in B_N of finite length that ends on the boundary of B_N. A consequence is the existence of a complete, closed, complex hypersurface in B_N. This gives a positive answer to Yang's question in all dimensions k, N, 1leq k<N, by providing properly embedded complete complex manifolds.

Review text

The article presents a comprehensive answer to the question whether the open unit ball \(\mathbb B_N\) in \(\mathbb C^N\) admits connected \(k\)-dimensional complete closed complex submanifolds \(M_k\) for \(1\leq k<N\). Completeness of \(M_k\) means that \(\sup\{|p(t)|\,\,0\leq t<1\}<1\) for every path \(p:[0,1)\rightarrow M_k\) with finite length. The case \(N=2\) was solved by \textit{A. Alarcón} and \textit{F. J. López} [``Complete bounded embedded complex curves in \(C^2\), Preprint, \url{arXiv:1305.2118}] who proved that any convex domain of \(\mathbb C^2\) carries properly embedded complete complex curves. The affirmative answer to the above question results from the following existence theorem for a specific class of holomorphic functions on \(\mathbb B_N\): For every \(N\geq 2\) there exists a holomorphic function \(f\) on \(\mathbb B_N\) with the property that \(\sup\{|\text{ Re} f(q(t))|\,\,t\in [0,1)\}=\infty\) for every path \(q:[0,1)\rightarrow\mathbb B_N\) of finite length with \(\lim_{t\rightarrow 1}|q(t)|=1\). Therefore any connected component of a fiber \(f^{-1}(c)\), for \(c\) a regular value of \(f\), is an example for \(M_{N-1}\), and the existence of \(M_k\), \(1\leq k<N-1\), follows in the same way via the natural embedding \(\mathbb B_{k+1}\subset\mathbb B_N\). Any regular fiber of the real pluriharmonic function Re\((f)\) yields a complete closed real hypersurface of \(\mathbb B_N\). The existence theorem is deduced from a theorem in convex geometry whose proof is the heart of the paper. It states that there is an exhaustion of the open unit ball \(\mathbb B\) in \(\mathbb R^M\), \(M\geq 2\), by a sequence \((P_n)_{n\in\mathbb N}\) of convex polytopes, \(P_n\subset\) Int\( (P_{n+1}) \), \(n\in \mathbb N\), with the property that \(\sum_{n=1}^\infty |w_{n+1}-w_n|=\infty\) for every choice of \(w_n\in\) skel\((P_n)\), \(n\in\mathbb N\).

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