Energy-pressure relation for low-dimensional gases

DOI10.1016/J.NUCLPHYSB.2014.08.007zbMATH Open1325.82011arXiv1407.0028OpenAlexW2153666910WikidataQ62593872 ScholiaQ62593872MaRDI QIDQ894761FDOQ894761

Authors: Francesco Mancarella, Andrea Trombettoni, Giuseppe Mussardo 

Publication date: 23 November 2015

Published in: Nuclear Physics B (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: A particularly simple relation of proportionality between internal energy and pressure holds for scale invariant thermodynamic systems, including classical and quantum Bose and Fermi ideal gases. One can quantify the deviation from such a relation by introducing the internal energy shift as the difference between the internal energy of the system and the corresponding value for scale invariant gases. We discuss general thermodynamic properties associated to the scale invariance, provide criteria for which the internal energy shift density is a bounded function of temperature. We then study the internal energy shift and deviations from the energy-pressure proportionality in low dimensional models of gases interpolating between the ideal Bose and the ideal Fermi gases, focusing on the Lieb-Liniger model in 1d and on the anyonic gas in 2d. In 1d the internal energy shift is determined from the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz integral equations and an explicit relation for it is given at high temperature. Our results show that the internal energy shift is positive, it vanishes in the two limits of zero and infinite coupling (respectively the ideal Bose and the Tonks Girardeau gas) and it has a maximum at a finite, temperature depending, value of the coupling. Remarkably, at fixed coupling the energy shift density saturates to a finite value for infinite temperature. In 2d we consider systems of Abelian anyons and non Abelian Chern-Simons particles: as it can be seen also directly from a study of the virial coefficients, in the usually considered hard-core limit the internal energy shift vanishes and the energy is just proportional to the pressure, with the proportionality constant being simply the area of the system. Soft-core boundary conditions at coincident points for the two-body wavefunction introduce a length scale, and induce a non-vanishing internal energy shift.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1407.0028

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zbMATH Keywords

Lieb-Liniger model

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Exactly solvable models; Bethe ansatz (82B23) Statistical thermodynamics (82B30) Statistical mechanics of gases (82D05) Kinetic theory of gases in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B40)

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Cited In (6)

• Path-integral Fujikawa's approach to anomalous virial theorems and equations of state for systems with \(\mathrm{SO}(2,1)\) symmetry
• Thermodynamics of noninteracting bosonic gases in cubic optical lattices versus ideal homogeneous Bose gases
• Virial theorem for nonrelativistic quantum fields in \(D\) spatial dimensions
• Dilational symmetry-breaking in thermodynamics
• Statistical mechanics of an ideal gas of non-Abelian anyons
• The pressure exerted by a confined ideal gas

Uses Software

• Digital Library of Mathematical Functions

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