Integrable systems, toric degenerations and Okounkov bodies
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Relationships between surfaces, higher-dimensional varieties, and physics (14J81) Geometric invariant theory (14L24) Toric varieties, Newton polyhedra, Okounkov bodies (14M25) Completely integrable finite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems, integration methods, integrability tests (37J35) Algebraic geometry methods for problems in mechanics (70G55) Completely integrable systems and methods of integration for problems in Hamiltonian and Lagrangian mechanics (70H06)
Abstract: Let X be a smooth complex projective variety of dimension n equipped with a very ample Hermitian line bundle L. In the first part of the paper, we show that if there exists a toric degeneration of X satisfying some natural hypotheses (which are satisfied in many settings), then there exists a completely integrable system on X in the sense of symplectic geometry. More precisely, we construct a collection of real-valued functions H_1, ... H_n on X which are continuous on all of X, smooth on an open dense subset U of X, and pairwise Poisson-commute on U. Moreover, we show that in many cases, we can construct the integrable system so that the functions H_1, ..., H_n generate a Hamiltonian torus action on U. In the second part, we show that the toric degenerations arising in the theory of Newton-Okounkov bodies satisfy all the hypotheses of the first part of the paper. In this case the image of the "moment map" mu = (H_1, ..., H_n): X to R^n is precisely the Okounkov body Delta = Delta(R, v) associated to the homogeneous coordinate ring R of X, and an appropriate choice of a valuation v on R. Our main technical tools come from algebraic geometry, differential (Kaehler) geometry, and analysis. Specifically, we use the gradient-Hamiltonian vector field, and a subtle generalization of the famous Lojasiewicz gradient inequality for real-valued analytic functions. Since our construction is valid for a large class of projective varieties X, this manuscript provides a rich source of new examples of integrable systems. We discuss concrete examples, including elliptic curves, flag varieties of arbitrary connected complex reductive groups, spherical varieties, and weight varieties.
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