Abstract: A locating-dominating set of a graph is a dominating set of with the additional property that every two distinct vertices outside have distinct neighbors in ; that is, for distinct vertices and outside , where denotes the open neighborhood of . A graph is twin-free if every two distinct vertices have distinct open and closed neighborhoods. The location-domination number of , denoted , is the minimum cardinality of a locating-dominating set in . It is conjectured [D. Garijo, A. Gonz'alez and A. M'arquez. The difference between the metric dimension and the determining number of a graph. Applied Mathematics and Computation 249 (2014), 487--501] that if is a twin-free graph of order without isolated vertices, then . We prove the general bound , slightly improving over the bound of Garijo et al. We then provide constructions of graphs reaching the bound, showing that if the conjecture is true, the family of extremal graphs is a very rich one. Moreover, we characterize the trees that are extremal for this bound. We finally prove the conjecture for split graphs and co-bipartite graphs.
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