Quantifying the fraction of missing information for hypothesis testing in statistical and genetic studies

DOI10.1214/07-STS244MaRDI QIDQ908142zbMATH OpenWikidataFDO

Authors Dan L. Nicolae, Augustine Kong, Xiao-Li Meng

Publication date 3 February 2016

Published in Statistical Science (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1102.2774, https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.ss/1233153057

zbMATH Keywords

entropyEM algorithmnoninformative priorpartial likelihoodCox regressionFisher informationKullback-Leibler informationgenetic linkage studieshaplotype-based association studiesrelative information

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Statistical aspects of information-theoretic topics (62B10) Parametric hypothesis testing (62F03) Point estimation (62F10) Applications of statistics to biology and medical sciences; meta analysis (62P10) Genetics and epigenetics (92D10) Measures of information, entropy (94A17)

Abstract: Many practical studies rely on hypothesis testing procedures applied to data sets with missing information. An important part of the analysis is to determine the impact of the missing data on the performance of the test, and this can be done by properly quantifying the relative (to complete data) amount of available information. The problem is directly motivated by applications to studies, such as linkage analyses and haplotype-based association projects, designed to identify genetic contributions to complex diseases. In the genetic studies the relative information measures are needed for the experimental design, technology comparison, interpretation of the data, and for understanding the behavior of some of the inference tools. The central difficulties in constructing such information measures arise from the multiple, and sometimes conflicting, aims in practice. For large samples, we show that a satisfactory, likelihood-based general solution exists by using appropriate forms of the relative Kullback--Leibler information, and that the proposed measures are computationally inexpensive given the maximized likelihoods with the observed data. Two measures are introduced, under the null and alternative hypothesis respectively. We exemplify the measures on data coming from mapping studies on the inflammatory bowel disease and diabetes. For small-sample problems, which appear rather frequently in practice and sometimes in disguised forms (e.g., measuring individual contributions to a large study), the robust Bayesian approach holds great promise, though the choice of a general-purpose "default prior" is a very challenging problem.

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(4)

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