Applications of stable polynomials to mixed determinants: Johnson's conjectures, unimodality, and symmetrized Fischer products

DOI10.1215/00127094-2008-018MaRDI QIDQ930133zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Julius Borcea, Petter Brändén

Publication date 20 June 2008

Published in Duke Mathematical Journal (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0607755

zbMATH Keywords

Hadamard inequalitydeterminantsstable polynomialFischer inequalityJohnson's conjectureKoteljanskii inequality

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Positive matrices and their generalizations; cones of matrices (15B48) Determinants, permanents, traces, other special matrix functions (15A15) Miscellaneous inequalities involving matrices (15A45) Zeros of polynomials, rational functions, and other analytic functions of one complex variable (e.g., zeros of functions with bounded Dirichlet integral) (30C15) Matrix pencils (15A22)

Abstract: For $nimesn$ matrices $A$ and $B$ define ${\displaystyle }$eta(A,B)=sum_{S}det(A[S])det(B[S']),${\displaystyle }$ where the summation is over all subsets of $1,\mathrm{...},n$, $S^{\prime }$ is the complement of $S$, and $A[S]$ is the principal submatrix of $A$ with rows and columns indexed by $S$. We prove that if $Ageq0$ and $B$ is Hermitian then (1) the polynomial $eta(zA,-B)$ has all real roots (2) the latter polynomial has as many positive, negative and zero roots (counting multiplicities) as suggested by the inertia of $B$ if $A>0$ and (3) for $1leilen$ the roots of $eta(zA[i^{\prime }],-B[i^{\prime }])$ interlace those of $eta(zA,-B)$. Assertions (1)-(3) solve three important conjectures proposed by C. R. Johnson 20 years ago. Moreover, we substantially extend these results to tuples of matrix pencils and real stable polynomials. In the process we establish unimodality properties in the sense of majorization for the coefficients of homogeneous real stable polynomials and as an application we derive similar properties for symmetrized Fischer products of positive definite matrices. We also obtain Laguerre type inequalities for characteristic polynomials of principal submatrices of arbitrary Hermitian matrices that considerably generalize a certain subset of the Hadamard-Fischer-Koteljanskii inequalities for principal minors of positive definite matrices. Finally, we propose Lax type problems for real stable polynomials and mixed determinants.

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Cited in

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• The Lee--Yang and Pólya--Schur programs. I: Linear operators preserving stability
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