The Lee--Yang and Pólya--Schur programs. I: Linear operators preserving stability

DOI10.1007/S00222-009-0189-3MaRDI QIDQ834799zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Julius Borcea, Petter Brändén

Publication date 27 August 2009

Published in Inventiones Mathematicae (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0809.0401

zbMATH Keywords

\(\Omega\)-stabilitylinear transformationmultivariate polynomial

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Exact enumeration problems, generating functions (05A15) Edge subsets with special properties (factorization, matching, partitioning, covering and packing, etc.) (05C70) Zeros of polynomials, rational functions, and other analytic functions of one complex variable (e.g., zeros of functions with bounded Dirichlet integral) (30C15) Zero sets of holomorphic functions of several complex variables (32A60) Hilbert spaces with reproducing kernels (= (proper) functional Hilbert spaces, including de Branges-Rovnyak and other structured spaces) (46E22) Linear operators on function spaces (general) (47B38) Lattice systems (Ising, dimer, Potts, etc.) and systems on graphs arising in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B20) Phase transitions (general) in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B26)

Abstract: In 1952 Lee and Yang proposed the program of analyzing phase transitions in terms of zeros of partition functions. Linear operators preserving non-vanishing properties are essential in this program and various contexts in complex analysis, probability theory, combinatorics, and matrix theory. We characterize all linear operators on finite or infinite-dimensional spaces of multivariate polynomials preserving the property of being non-vanishing whenever the variables are in prescribed open circular domains. In particular, this solves the higher dimensional counterpart of a long-standing classification problem originating from classical works of Hermite, Laguerre, Hurwitz and P'olya-Schur on univariate polynomials with such properties.

Review text

If \(n\) is an integer and \(\Omega\subset\mathbb C\), a polynomial \(f\in\mathbb C[z_1,\dots,z_n]\) is said to be \(\Omega\)-stable if \(f(z_1,\dots,z_n)\not=0\) whenever \((z_1,\dots,z_n)\in\Omega\). For \(\mathbb K=\mathbb R\) or \(\mathbb C\), the authors investigate the following problem, which has previously been investigated in a large variety of special cases. \textit{Problem:} Characterize all linear operators \(T:\mathbb K[z_1,\dots,z_n]\to \mathbb K[z_1,\dots,z_n]\) that preserve \(\Omega\)-stability, where \(\Omega\) is a prescribed subset of \(\mathbb C\). They also study a parallel problem where the domain of the operator \(T\) is restricted to polynomials having prescribed (and possibly distinct) upper bounds for their degrees with respect to each variable. In analogy with terminology from mathematical physics, they refer to the latter version of the problem as ``hard (due to it having special constraints) versus the ``soft general version stated earlier. The actual results obtained require more technical definitions, and differ depending on the nature of the domains chosen but, speaking in general, the authors characterize the linear operators preserving \(\Omega\)-stability for a variety of open circular domains \(\Omega\). [Part~II has appeared in Commun.\ Pure Appl.\ Math.\ 62, No.\,12, 1595--1631 (2009; Zbl 1177.47041).]

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Cited in

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