Converse Sturm-Hurwitz-Kellogg theorem and related results

DOI10.1007/S11784-007-0049-YMaRDI QIDQ942966zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors S. Tabachnikov

Publication date 8 September 2008

Published in Journal of Fixed Point Theory and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0710.5902

zbMATH Keywords

4-vertex theoremChebyshev systemghys theoremSchwarzian derivative.Sturm-Hurwitz-Kellogg theorem

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Trigonometric moment problems in one variable harmonic analysis (42A70) Curves in Euclidean and related spaces (53A04)

Abstract: The classical Sturm-Hurwitz-Kellogg theorem asserts that a function, orthogonal to an n-dimensional Chebyshev system on a circle, has at least n+1 sign changes. We prove the converse: given an n-dimensional Chebyshev system on a circle and a function with at least n+1 sign changes, there exists an orientation preserving diffeomorphism of the circle that takes this function to a function, orthogonal to the Chebyshev system. We also prove that if a function on the real projective line has at least four sign changes then there exists an orientation preserving diffeomorphism of the projective line that takes this function to the Schwarzian derivative of some function. These results extend the converse four vertex theorem of H. Gluck and B. Dahlberg: a function on a circle with at least two local maxima and two local minima is the curvature of a closed plane curve.

Review text

This article proves a generalization of the converse four-vertex theorem and discusses related results. The Sturm-Hurwitz-Kellogg theorem states that any smooth function on \(S^1\) being orthogonal to a Chebyshev system of dimension \(n\) has at least \(n+1\) sign changes. Applying this to the curvature radius of an oval curve for functions \(\{1,\cos \alpha, \sin\alpha\}\) implies the four vertex theorem. Now the converse to Sturm-Hurwitz-Kellogg theorem says that if a smooth function on \(S^1\) has at least \(n+1\) sign changes, and let \(V\) be a Chebyshev system of dimension \(n\) on \(S^1\), then there exists a diffeomorphism \(\phi\) such that \(f\circ\phi\) is orthogonal to \(V\).

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