Multiplication operators on L(L_p) and _p-strictly singular operators

DOI10.4171/JEMS/141MaRDI QIDQ952516zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors William B. Johnson, Gideon Schechtman

Publication date 12 November 2008

Published in Journal of the European Mathematical Society (JEMS) (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0708.0560, http://www.ems-ph.org/journals/show_pdf.php?issn=1435-9855&vol=10&iss=4&rank=9

zbMATH Keywords

\(L_p\) spacesbiased coinelementary operatormultiplication operatorsstrictly singular operators

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Classical Banach spaces in the general theory (46B25) Spaces of measurable functions ((L^p)-spaces, Orlicz spaces, Köthe function spaces, Lorentz spaces, rearrangement invariant spaces, ideal spaces, etc.) (46E30) Commutators, derivations, elementary operators, etc. (47B47)

Abstract: A classification of weakly compact multiplication operators on L(L_p), $1<p<infty$, is given. This answers a question raised by Saksman and Tylli in 1992. The classification involves the concept of $el{l}_p$-strictly singular operators, and we also investigate the structure of general $el{l}_p$-strictly singular operators on L_p. The main result is that if an operator T on L_p, 1<p<2, is $el{l}_p$-strictly singular and T_{|X} is an isomorphism for some subspace X of L_p, then X embeds into L_r for all r<2, but X need not be isomorphic to a Hilbert space. It is also shown that if T is convolution by a biased coin on L_p of the Cantor group, $1lep<2$, and $T_{|X}$ is an isomorphism for some reflexive subspace X of L_p, then X is isomorphic to a Hilbert space. The case p=1 answers a question asked by Rosenthal in 1976.

Review text

Let \(X\) be a Banach space and \(A,B\) be operators in \(L(X)\). Then the operators \(L_A\) and \(R_B\) are defined on \(L(X)\) by \(L_AT = AT\), \(R_BT = TB\). The operators \(L_AR_B\) are called multiplication operators in \(L(L(X))\). Let \(L_p\) be \(L_p(0, 1)\) or, equivalently, \(L_p(\mu)\) for a purely non atomic separable probability measure \(\mu\). If \(T\) is a bounded linear operator on \(L_p\), \(1<p<\infty\), then \(T\) is said to be \(\ell _p\)-strictly singular if there do not exist operators \(S_1 \in L(L_p, \ell _p)\) and \(S_2 \in L(\ell _p, L_p)\) such that \(I_{\ell _p}= S_1TS_2\). First, it is shown that, if \(2<p<\infty\) and \(A\) and \(B\) are bounded linear operators on \(L_p\), then a multiplication operator \(L_AR_B\) on \(L(L_p)\) is weakly compact if and only if one of the following conditions hold: (a) \(A\) is compact; (b) \(A\) is \(\ell _p\)-strictly singular and \(B\) is \(\ell _2\)-strictly singular; (c) \(B\) is compact. This answers a question on multiplication operators in \(L(L_p)\), \(1<p<\infty\), raised by \textit{E.\,Saksman} and \textit{H.--O.\thinspace Tylli} [Math.\ Scand.\ 70, No.\,1, 91--111 (1992; Zbl 0760.47019)]. Using ultrapowers of Banach spaces, the authors prove the main result of the paper: Let \(T\) be an \(\ell _p\)-strictly singular operator of \(L_p\), \(1<p<2\). If \(X\) is a subspace of \(L_p\) and \(T|_X\) is an isomorphism, then \(X\) embeds into \(L_r\) for all \(r<2\). They also give an example to show that \(X\) need not be isomorphic to a Hilbert space. Let \(T\) be a convolution of a biased coin on \(L_p(\bigtriangleup)\), \(1\leq p<2\), where \(\bigtriangleup=\{-1,1\}^{\mathbb N}\) is the Cantor group and the measure is the Haar measure on \(\bigtriangleup\). If \(T|_X\) is an isomorphism for some reflexive subspace \(X\) of \(L_p\), then they show that \(X\) is isomorphic to a Hilbert space. The case \(p=1\) also answers a question asked by H.\,P.\thinspace Rosenthal in 1976.

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Cited in

(18)

• Lattice copies of \(\ell^2\) in \(L^1\) of a vector measure and strongly orthogonal sequences
• Strictly singular multiplication operators on \(\mathcal{L} (X)\)
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• The problem of smallness for operator blocks in \(L_ p\) spaces
• Compact and strictly singular operators in rearrangement invariant spaces and Rademacher functions
• Subspace structure of Lorentz \(L_{p,q}\) spaces and strictly singular operators

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