New results on multiplication in Sobolev spaces

Inequalities involving derivatives and differential and integral operators (26D10) Sobolev spaces and other spaces of ``smooth functions, embedding theorems, trace theorems (46E35)

Abstract: We consider the Sobolev (Bessel potential) spaces H^ell(R^d, C), and their standard norms || ||_ell (with ell integer or noninteger). We are interested in the unknown sharp constant K_{ell m n d} in the inequality || f g ||_{ell} leqs K_{ell m n d} || f ||_{m} || g ||_n (f in H^m(R^d, C), g in H^n(R^d, C); 0 <= ell <= m <= n, m + n - ell > d/2); we derive upper and lower bounds K^{+}_{ell m n d}, K^{-}_{ell m n d} for this constant. As examples, we give a table of these bounds for d=1, d=3 and many values of (ell, m, n); here the ratio K^{-}_{ell m n d}/K^{+}_{ell m n d} ranges between 0.75 and 1 (being often near 0.90, or larger), a fact indicating that the bounds are close to the sharp constant. Finally, we discuss the asymptotic behavior of the upper and lower bounds for K_{ell, b ell, c ell, d} when 1 <= b <= c and ell -> + Infinity. As an example, from this analysis we obtain the ell -> + Infinity limiting behavior of the sharp constant K_{ell, 2 ell, 2 ell, d}; a second example concerns the ell -> + Infinity limit for K_{ell, 2 ell, 3 ell, d}. The present work generalizes our previous paper [16], entirely devoted to the constant K_{ell m n d} in the special case ell = m = n; many results given therein can be recovered here for this special case.

Review text

The authors consider the Sobolev (Bessel potential) spaces \(H^\ell(\mathbb{R}^d,\mathbb{C})\) and their standard norms \(\|\;\|_\ell\) (with \(\ell\) integer or non-integer). The authors are interested in the unknown sharp constant \(K_{\ell mnd}\) in the inequality \[ \| fg\|_\ell\leq K_{\ell mnd}\| f\|_m\| g\|_n \quad (f\in H^m(\mathbb{R}^d,\mathbb{C}),\;g\in H^n(\mathbb{R}^\alpha,\mathbb{C})); \] \[ 0\leq\ell\leq m\leq n,\quad m+ n-\ell> d/2. \] The authors derive upper and lower bounds \(K^\pm_{\ell mnd}\) for this constant. As examples, they give a table of these bounds for \(d= 1\), \(d= 3\) and many values of \((\ell,m,n)\); here, the ratio \(K^-_{\ell mnd}/K^+_{\ell mnd}\) ranges between 0.75 and 1 (being often near 0.90, or larger), a fact indicating that the bounds are close to the sharp constant. Finally, the authors discuss the asymptotic behavior of the upper and lower for \(K_{\ell,b\ell,c\ell,d}\) when \(1\leq b\leq c\) and \(\ell\to+\infty\). As an example, from this analysis they obtain the \(\ell\to+\infty\) limiting behavior of the sharp constant \(K_{\ell,2\ell,3\ell,d}\); a second example concerns the \(\ell\to+\infty\) limit for \(K_{\ell,2\ell,3\ell,d}\).

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