Green's function and convergence of Fourier series for elliptic differential operators with potential from Kato space

Green's functions for elliptic equations (35J08) Boundary value problems for higher-order elliptic equations (35J40) Completeness of eigenfunctions and eigenfunction expansions in context of PDEs (35P10) General theory of partial differential operators (47F05)

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On a bounded domain \(\Omega\) with a smooth boundary in \(\mathbb R^n\), \(n\geq 1\), the author considers an elliptic differential operator of the form \(A=A_0(x,D)+q(x)\), where \(A_0(x,D)=\sum_{|\alpha|\leq 2m}a_{\alpha}(x)D^{\alpha}\) is a formally selfadjoint differential operator of order \(2m\). The coefficients \(a_{\alpha}(x)\) of the operator \(A_0\) are assumed to be complex-valued (in general) bounded smooth functions on \(\Omega\) for all \(|\alpha|\leq 2m\) such that \(a_{\alpha}(x)\) are real-valued for \(|\alpha|=2m\) and \(A_0\) satisfies the standard uniform ellipticity condition. The potential \(q(x)\) is assumed to be a real-valued \(L^1(\Omega)\)-function which satisfies the generalized Kato condition \[ \sup_{x\in\Omega}\int_{\Omega}|q(y)|~ \omega_n(|x-y|)\,dy<\infty, \] where the function \(\omega_n(t)\), for \(t>0\), is defined by \[ \omega_n(t)=\begin{cases} t^{2m-n},\qquad 2m<n,\\ 1+|\log t|,\;2m=n,\\ 1, \qquad\qquad 2m>n.\end{cases} \] It is shown that \(A_{\mu}=A+\mu I\) is formally positive for sufficiently large \(\mu\). Then the operator has a positive selfadjoint Friedrichs extension \((A_{\mu})_F\) which defines the Friedrichs extension of \(A=A_{\mu}-\mu I\) as \(A_F=(A_{\mu})_F-\mu I\). The domain of \(A_F\) is given by \(D(A_F)=\{f\in \dot W^m_2(\Omega)\;|\;Af\in L^2(\Omega)\}\), where \(\dot W^m_2(\Omega)\) stands for the closure of \(C_0^{\infty}(\Omega)\) in \(W^m_2(\Omega)\). The first main theorem states that there exist constants \(C>0\), \(\delta>0\), and \(\lambda_0>0\) such that, for all \(\lambda\geq\lambda_0\), the Green function \(G(x,y,\lambda)\) of the operator \(A_F+\lambda I\) exists and satisfies the following estimates \[ \begin{alignedat}{2} |G(x,y,\lambda)|&\leq C|x-y|^{2m-n}e^{-\delta|x-y|\lambda^{1/2m}}, &&\quad \text{if}\;2m<n,\\ |G(x,y,\lambda)|&\leq C(1+|\log(|x-y|\lambda^{1/2m})|)e^{-\delta|x-y|\lambda^{1/2m}},&&\quad \text{if}\;2m=n,\\ |G(x,y,\lambda)|&\leq C\lambda^{(n-2m)/2m}e^{-\delta|x-y|\lambda^{1/2m}},&&\quad \text{if}\;2m>n \end{alignedat} \] for all \(x,y\in\Omega\). It is also known that the operator \(A_F\) has a purely discrete spectrum \(\{\lambda_k\}^{\infty}_{k=1}\) of finite multiplicity, having the only one accumulating point at \(+\infty\), and a complete orthonormal system \(\{u_k(x)\}^{\infty}_{k=1}\) of eigenfunctions in \(L^2(\Omega)\). Assign to each \(f\in L^2(\Omega)\) the formal Fourier series \(f=\sum^{\infty}_{k=1}f_ku_k(x)\), where \(f_k=(f,u_k)_{L^2(\Omega)}\). Then, the second main theorem states that the series converges absolutely and uniformly on \(\Omega\) for any function \(f\) from the domain of the operator \(A_F^{\sigma}\), for \(\sigma>n/4m\). The author also generalizes the well-known Peetre's theorem to operators with singular coefficients. Absolute and uniform convergence of the above Fourier series is treated for functions from some Besov spaces.

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