Symmetries of quadratic form classes and of quadratic surd continued fractions. II: Classification of the periods' palindromes

DOI10.1007/S00574-010-0005-0MaRDI QIDQ968026zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Francesca Aicardi

Publication date 3 May 2010

Published in Bulletin of the Brazilian Mathematical Society. New Series (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0708.2082

zbMATH Keywords

continued fractionspalindromesquadratic formsreduction theory

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Continued fractions (11A55) Quadratic forms (reduction theory, extreme forms, etc.) (11H55)

Abstract: The continue fractions of quadratic surds are periodic, according to a theorem by Lagrange. Their periods may have differing types of symmetries. This work relates these types of symmetries to the symmetries of the classes of the corresponding indefinite quadratic forms. This allows to classify the periods of quadratic surds and at the same time to find, for an arbitrary indefinite quadratic form, the symmetry type of its class and the number of integer points, for that class, contained in each domain of the Poincare' model of the de Sitter world, introduced in Part I. Moreover, we obtain the same information for every class of forms representing zero, by the finite continue fraction related to a special representative of that class. We will see finally the relation between the reduction procedure for indefinite quadratic forms, defined by the continued fractions, and the classical reduction theory, which acquires a geometrical description by the results of Part I.

Review text

According to a theorem of Lagrange, the continued fractions of quadratic surds are periodic. Their periods may have different types of symmetries. In this paper, these types of symmetries have been related to the symmetries of the classes of corresponding indefinite quadratic forms. This allows classifying the periods of quadratic surds and simultaneously finding the symmetry type of the class of an arbitrary indefinite quadratic form and the number of its integer points contained in each domain of the Poincaré tiling of the de Sitter world introduced in Part I of this paper [Bull. Braz. Math. Soc. (N.S.) 40, No. 3, 301--340 (2009; Zbl 1213.11021)]. In Part I, it is proved that each class whose discriminant is a square has representative on the boundaries of the domains of the tiling. In particular, there are \(k\) distinct classes whose discriminant is equal to \(k^2\). These \(k\) classes have a fixed number of representatives in the interior of each domain. Here for every class the number of forms in \(H^0\) and its symmetry type is obtained from the finite continued fraction of a rational number related to a representative of that class. Finally, the relation between the reduction procedure for indefinite quadratic forms defined by continued fractions and the classical reduction theory is shown. Proofs given here show a geometric description of this theory in Poincaré tiling of the de Sitter world.

Recommendations

• Symmetries of quadratic form classes and of quadratic surd continued fractions. I: A Poincaré tiling of the de Sitter world
• Palindromes and periodic continued fractions
• Periodic karyon expansions of algebraic units in multidimensional continued fractions
• Binary quadratic forms as dessins
• Conway river and Arnold sail
• Arithmetics of binary quadratic forms, symmetry of their continued fractions and geometry of their de Sitter world
• Higher dimensional continued fractions
• Fractal dimension of sets induced by bases of imaginary quadratic fields
• Symmetries of a two-dimensional continued fraction
• The structure of multidimensional Diophantine approximations

Cites work

• Class numbers of indefinite binary quadratic forms
• Class numbers of indefinite binary quadratic forms. II
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3719210 (Why is no real title available?)
• Symmetries of quadratic form classes and of quadratic surd continued fractions. I: A Poincaré tiling of the de Sitter world

Cited in

(4)

• Arithmetics of binary quadratic forms, symmetry of their continued fractions and geometry of their de Sitter world
• Classification and symmetries of a family of continued fractions with bounded period length
• Red numbers and quadratic field
• Symmetries of quadratic form classes and of quadratic surd continued fractions. I: A Poincaré tiling of the de Sitter world

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