Maximal inequalities for dual Sobolev spaces W^-1,p and applications to interpolation

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Publication:971475



Abstract: We firstly describe a maximal inequality for dual Sobolev spaces W^{-1,p}. This one corresponds to a "Sobolev version" of usual properties of the Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator in Lebesgue spaces. Even in the euclidean space, this one seems to be new and we develop arguments in the general framework of Riemannian manifold. Then we present an application to obtain interpolation results for Sobolev spaces.


By the Hardy-Littlewood maximal theorem, one knows that \[ \| M_s f \|_{L^p({\mathbb R})^n} \approx \| f \|_{L^p({\mathbb R})^n} \text{ for } 1 \leq s < p \leq \infty, \] where \( M_s f(x) := \sup_{Q: ball; Q \ni x} \Big( \frac{1}{| Q |} \int_Q | f(y) |^s dy \Big)^{1/s}. \) One also knows a Sobolev version of this result: \[ \| M_{S,s} f \|_{L^p({\mathbb R})^n} \approx \| f \|_{W^{1,p}({\mathbb R})^n} \quad for \quad 1 \leq s < p \leq \infty, \] where \( M_{S,s} f(x) := \sup_{Q: ball; Q \ni x} \frac{1}{| Q |^{1/s}} \| f \|_{W^{1,s}(Q)}. \) The author proves that a similar result holds for \(W^{-1,p}\) on a doubling Riemannian manifold under some restrictions on \(p\). As an application, the author obtains the following interpolation theorem for Sobolev spaces. Let \(M\) be a doubling Riemannian manifold satisfying a reverse Riesz inequality: \[ \| (1 + \Delta )^{1/2} (f) \|_{L^r(M)} \lesssim \| f \|_{W^{1,r}(M)}, \] for \(1<r<2\). Then \[ ( W^{1,p_0}, W^{1,2})_{\theta,p_{\theta}} = W^{1, p_{\theta}}, \] where \(1/p_{\theta} = (1-\theta)/p_0 + \theta/2 < 1/r\) and \(1<p_0 <2 \). \textit{N.\,Badr} [Math.\ Scand.\ 105, No.\,2, 235--264 (2009; Zbl 1192.46018)] obtained a similar interpolation theorem on a manifold satisfying the Poincaré inequality which is a stronger condition than the reverse Riesz inequality.











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