Weakly almost periodic functionals on the measure algebra

Measure algebras on groups, semigroups, etc. (43A10) (L^1)-algebras on groups, semigroups, etc. (43A20) Almost periodic functions on groups and semigroups and their generalizations (recurrent functions, distal functions, etc.); almost automorphic functions (43A60) Other ``noncommutative mathematics based on (C^*)-algebra theory (46L89) Quantum groups and related algebraic methods applied to problems in quantum theory (81R50)

Abstract: It is shown that the collection of weakly almost periodic functionals on the convolution algebra of a commutative Hopf von Neumann algebra is a C

^{*}

-algebra. This implies that the weakly almost periodic functionals on

M (G)

, the measure algebra of a locally compact group

G

, is a C

^{*}

-subalgebra of

M (G)^{*} = C_{0} (G)^{* *}

. The proof builds upon a factorisation result, due to Young and Kaiser, for weakly compact module maps. The main technique is to adapt some of the theory of corepresentations to the setting of general reflexive Banach spaces.

Review text

Let \({\mathcal M}\) be a commutative Hopf von Neumann algebra, that is a commutative von Neumann algebra together with a normal \(*\)-homomorphism \(\Delta : {\mathcal M} \overline\otimes {\mathcal M} \to {\mathcal M}\) such that \(( \text{id} \otimes \Delta) \Delta= ( \Delta \otimes \text{id}) \Delta\) (coassociativity). Such \({\mathcal M}\) is always of the form \({\mathcal M}= L^\infty(X)\) for some measure space \(X\) and has \({\mathcal M}_* = L^1(X)\) as predual. \(\Delta\) gives rise to an associative product \(\Delta_* : {\mathcal M}_* \otimes{\mathcal M}_* \to{\mathcal M}_*\) turning \({\mathcal M}_*\) into a Banach algebra. The main example considered by the author is that of a locally compact group \(G\) with measure algebra \(M(G)=C_0(G)^*\). Here \(M(G)^*= C_0(G)^{**}\) is a commutative von Neumann algebra in an obvious way and it turns out that there is also a coproduct \(\Delta\) on \(M(G)^*\) which is dual to the usual convolution product, turning \(M(G)^*\) into a Hopf von Neumann algebra with predual \(M(G)\). Thus many interesting examples of also noncommutative Banach algebras \(A\) may arise as preduals of a commutative Hopf von Neumann algebra \({\mathcal M}\), where the product on \(A\) is dual to the coproduct on \({\mathcal M}\). For such \(A\) we may consider the almost periodic and weakly almost periodic functionals \(AP(A)\) and \(WAP(A)\) on \(A\), i.e., those functionals \(f \in A^*\) such that \(a \mapsto a \cdot f\) is compact respectively weakly compact for all \(a \in A\). The author shows that \(AP(A)\) and \(WAP(A)\) are actually C\(^*\)-subalgebras of \({\mathcal M}\). This shows in particular that the weakly almost periodic functionals on the measure algebra \(M(G)\) of a locally compact group \(G\) form a C\(^*\)-subalgebra of \(C_0(G)^{**}\).

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