Threshold solutions for the focusing 3D cubic Schrödinger equation

Asymptotic behavior of solutions to PDEs (35B40) Blow-up in context of PDEs (35B44) Scattering theory for PDEs (35P25) NLS equations (nonlinear Schrödinger equations) (35Q55) Selfadjoint operator theory in quantum theory, including spectral analysis (81Q10)

Abstract: We study the focusing 3d cubic NLS equation with H^1 data at the mass-energy threshold, namely, when M[u_0]E[u_0] = M[Q]E[Q]. In earlier works of Holmer-Roudenko and Duyckaerts-Holmer-Roudenko, the behavior of solutions (i.e., scattering and blow up in finite time) is classified when M[u_0]E[u_0] < M[Q]E[Q]. In this paper, we first exhibit 3 special solutions: e^{it}Q and Q^+, Q^-; here Q is the ground state, and Q^+, Q^- exponentially approach the ground state solution in the positive time direction, meanwhile Q^+ having finite time blow up and Q^- scattering in the negative time direction. Secondly, we classify solutions at this threshold and obtain that up to dot{H}^{1/2} symmetries, they behave exactly as the above three special solutions, or scatter and blow up in both time directions as the solutions below the mass-energy threshold. These results are obtained by studying the spectral properties of the linearized Schroedinger operator in this mass-supercritical case, establishing relevant modulational stability and careful analysis of the exponentially decaying solutions to the linearized equation.

Review text

This paper is devoted to the study of the focusing 3D cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS) with \(H^1\) data, \[ i\partial_t u+\Delta u+|u|^2 u=0, u(x,t)=u_0\in H^1, x\in\mathbb{R}^3. \] More precisely, the authors study the long time dynamics (i.e., scattering and blow up in finite time) of the solutions at the mass-energy threshold, namely, when \(M[u_0] E[u_0]=M[Q] E[Q]\). Here \(Q\) is the ground state, which is the unique positive radial solution of the equation \(-Q+\Delta Q+|Q|^2Q=0\). This NLS is known to be locally well-posed in \(H^1\), and the solutions satisfy the energy and mass conservation laws \[ E[u](t)=\frac{1}{2}\int |\nabla u(x,t)|^2 dx -\frac{1}{4} \int |u(x,t)|^4 dx =E[u_0]\;, \] \[ M[u](t)=\int |u(x,t)|^2 dx =M[u_0]\;. \] In earlier works of \textit{J. Holmer} and \textit{S. Roudenko} [Commun. Math. Phys. 282, No. 2, 435--467 (2008; Zbl 1155.35094)] and \textit{T. Duyckaerts, J. Holmer} and \textit{S. Roudenko} [Math. Res. Lett. 15, No. 5--6, 1233--1250 (2008; Zbl 1171.35472)], the behavior of solutions was classified when \(M[u_0]E[u_0]< M[Q]E[Q]\). In this paper, the authors first exhibit 3 special solutions: \(e^{it}Q\) and \(Q_{\pm}\), where \(Q_{\pm}\) exponentially approach the ground state solution in the positive time direction, \(Q_+\) has finite time blow up and \(Q_-\) scatters in the negative time direction. Secondly, the authors classify solutions at this threshold and obtain that up to \(\dot H^{1/2}\) symmetries, they behave exactly as the above three special solutions, or scatter and blow up in both time directions as the solutions below the mass-energy threshold. These results are obtained by studying the spectral properties of the linearized Schrödinger operator in this mass-supercritical case, establishing relevant modulational stability and careful analysis of the exponentially decaying solutions to the linearized equation.

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