On biaccessible points in the Julia sets of some rational functions
basin of attractionbiaccessible pointCremer pointcut pointFatou setJulia setlinearizationSiegel point
Functional equations in the complex plane, iteration and composition of analytic functions of one complex variable (30D05) Dynamics of complex polynomials, rational maps, entire and meromorphic functions; Fatou and Julia sets (37F10) Combinatorics and topology in relation with holomorphic dynamical systems (37F20) Small divisors, rotation domains and linearization in holomorphic dynamics (37F50)
Let \(\Omega\subset\widehat{\mathbb C}:=\mathbb C\cup\{\infty\}\) be a simply connected domain such that \(\partial \Omega\) contains more than one point. An external ray in \(\Omega\) is the image of a ray \(\ell_t:=\{re^{it}:r>1\}\), \(t\in\mathbb R\), under the conformal mapping \(\Phi:\infty\mapsto\infty\) of~\(\{z\in\hat{\mathbb C}:|z|>1\}\) onto~\(\Omega\). An external ray \(R\) is said to land at a point \(z_0\in\partial\Omega\) if \({\text{cl}}(R)\cap\partial\Omega=\{z_0\}\). A point \(z_0\in\partial \Omega\) is said to be biaccessible from \(\Omega\) if there exist two different external rays that land at~\(z_0\). It is known that \(z_0\in\partial\Omega\) is biaccessible from \(\Omega\) if and only if \(z_0\) is a cut-point of \(\partial\Omega\), i.e., if \(\partial\Omega\setminus\{z_0\}\) is not connected. The paper is devoted to biaccessible points of immediate basins of attraction~\(\mathcal A_\infty\) for rational functions having a superattracting point at~\(\infty\) and an irrationally indifferent fixed point in~\(\mathbb C\). The interest in the biaccessible points is motivated by the fact that for polynomials, \(\partial \mathcal A_\infty\) coincides with the Julia set. As an extension of a result from [\textit{S. Zakeri}, ``Biaccessibility in quadratic Julia sets, Ergodic Theory Dyn. Syst. 20, No.6, 1859--1883 (2000; Zbl 0970.37037)] the author proves the following theorem: Let \(f\) be of the form~\(f(z)=z^d+c\), \(c\in\mathbb C\), \(d\in\mathbb N\), \(d\geq2\). Suppose that \(f\) has an irrationally indifferent fixed point~\(\alpha\) and that \(\mathcal A_\infty\) has a biaccessible point~\(z_0\). If \(\alpha\) is a Siegel point, then \(0\in \mathcal O^+(z_0):=\{f^{\circ n}(z_0):n=0,1,\ldots\}\). If \(\alpha\) is a Cremer point, then either \(0\in\mathcal O^+(z_0)\) or \(\alpha\in\mathcal O^+(z_0)\). A similar result is obtained for the family \(g_\theta(z):=e^{2\pi i\theta}z+z^d\), \(\theta\in\mathbb R\): if the origin is a Siegel point of \(g_\theta\), or, alternatively, the origin is a Cremer point of~\(g_\theta\) but does not belong to~\(\mathcal O^+(z_0)\), then at least one of the critical points of~\(g_\theta\) is contained in~\(\mathcal O^+(z_0)\). Finally, for the family \(h_{\theta,a}(z):=e^{2\pi i\theta}z^2(z-a)/(1-\bar a z)\), \(\theta\in\mathbb R\), \(|a|>3\), of finite Blaschke products, the author proves that if the rotation number of \(h_{\theta,a}|_{|z|=1}\) is irrational and \(\mathcal A_\infty\) has a biaccessible point~\(z_0\), then \(\mathcal O^+(z_0)\) contains the critical point of~\(h_{\theta,a}\) that lies in~\(\{z:|z|>1\}\).
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