A prototype compartmental model of blood pressure distribution

Ordinary differential equations with impulses (34A37) Periodic solutions to ordinary differential equations (34C25) Almost and pseudo-almost periodic solutions to ordinary differential equations (34C27) Qualitative investigation and simulation of ordinary differential equation models (34C60) Physiological flow (92C35)

Abstract: We consider a system of differential equations the behavior of which solutions possesses several properties characteristic of the blood pressure distribution. The system can be used for a compartmental modeling of the cardiovascular system. It admits a unique bounded solution such that all coordinates of the solution are separated from zero by positive numbers, and which is periodic, eventually periodic or almost periodic depending on the moments of heart contraction. Appropriate numerical simulations are provided.

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In this interesting paper, the authors construct a nonlinear compartmental model which describes the blood flow through the cardiovascular system in terms of pressure variables and assume that the blood pressure in the aorta and arteries is subject to impulsive perturbations, possibly modelling the regulation of the blood flow through the use of a pacemaker. The existence of a bounded solution with various periodicity properties (periodic, eventually periodic, discontinuous almost periodic) is then established through the use of a fixed point argument. The uniform exponential stability of this solution is then proved, again via fixed point theory, it is also shown that the first coordinate of the solution is ultimately larger than all others. These properties are then interpreted as regulatory properties for arrhythmia processes.

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