Renormalized area and properly embedded minimal surfaces in hyperbolic 3-manifolds

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Abstract: If Y is a properly embedded minimal surface in a convex cocompact hyperbolic 3-manifold M with boundary at infinity an embedded curve gamma, then Graham and Witten showed how to define a renormalized area calA of Y via Hadamard regularization. We study renormalized area as a functional on the space of all such minimal surfaces. This requires a closer examination of these moduli spaces; following White and Coskunuzer, we prove these are Banach manifolds and that the natural map taking Y to gamma is Fredholm of index zero and proper, which leads to the existence of a -valued degree theory for this mapping. We show that calA(Y) can be expressed as a sum of the Euler characteristic of Y and the total integral of norm squared of the trace-free second fundamental form of Y. An extension of renormalized area to a wider class of nonminimal surfaces has a similar formula also involving the integral of mean curvature squared. We prove a formula for the first variation of renormalized area, and characterize the critical points when M=HH3 and gamma has a single component. All of these results have analogues for 4-dimensional Poincar'e-Einstein metrics. We conclude by discussing the relationship of calA to the Willmore functional.



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