Bethe-Sommerfeld conjecture for periodic operators with strong perturbations

DOI10.1007/S00222-010-0251-1MaRDI QIDQ993379zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Leonid Parnovski, A. V. Sobolev

Publication date 10 September 2010

Published in Inventiones Mathematicae (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0907.0887

zbMATH Keywords

band-gap spectral structureBethe-Sommerfeld conjectureperiodic operatorspolyharmonic operatorspectrum

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Asymptotic distributions of eigenvalues in context of PDEs (35P20) Perturbation theory of linear operators (47A55) Pseudodifferential operators (47G30) Selfadjoint operator theory in quantum theory, including spectral analysis (81Q10)

Abstract: We consider a periodic self-adjoint pseudo-differential operator $H=(-Delta{)}^m+B$, $m>0$, in $R^d$ which satisfies the following conditions: (i) the symbol of $B$ is smooth in $$, and (ii) the perturbation $B$ has order less than $2m$. Under these assumptions, we prove that the spectrum of $H$ contains a half-line. This, in particular implies the Bethe-Sommerfeld Conjecture for the Schr"odinger operator with a periodic magnetic potential in all dimensions.

Review text

\textit{H.\,Bethe} and \textit{A.\,Sommerfeld} [``Elektronentheorie der Metalle, in: Handbuch Physik 24, Tl.\ 2, 333--622 (1933; Zbl 0008.14302)] conjectured in the 1930's that the number of gaps in the spectrum of the Schrödinger operator \(H:=-\Delta+V\) with a periodic potential \(V\) in \(L^2({\mathbb R}^d)\), \(d\geq 2\), is finite (or equivalently, the spectrum contains a neighborhood of infinity). In the paper under review, the authors consider a selfadjoint pseudodifferential operator \(H=( - \Delta )^{m }+B\), \(m>0\), in \({\mathbb R}^{d}\) which satisfies the following conditions: {\parindent=7mm \begin{itemize}\item[(i)] \(B\) is periodic with respect to a lattice in \({\mathbb R}^d\), \item[(ii)] the symbol of \(B\) is smooth in \(x\), \item[(iii)] the perturbation \(B\) has order less than \(2m\). \end{itemize}} Under these assumptions, it is proved that the spectrum of \(H\) contains a half-line. This, in particular, implies the Bethe-Sommerfeld conjecture for the Schrödinger operator with a periodic magnetic potential in all dimensions \(d\geq 2\). The central ingredient of the proof is a partition of the phase into resonant and non-resonant zones and estimates for the volumes of resonant and non-resonant sets.

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