Complete asymptotic expansion of the integrated density of states of multidimensional almost-periodic Schrödinger operators

DOI10.4007/ANNALS.2012.176.2.8MaRDI QIDQ456671zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Leonid Parnovski, Roman Shterenberg

Publication date 16 October 2012

Published in Annals of Mathematics. Second Series (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1004.2939

zbMATH Keywords

almost periodic functionscomplete asymptotic expansiongauge transform methodintegrated density of statesperiodic functionspseudodifferential operatorSchrödinger operator

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Schrödinger operator, Schrödinger equation (35J10) Spectral theory and eigenvalue problems for partial differential equations (35P99) Spectrum, resolvent (47A10) General theory of partial differential operators (47F05) Selfadjoint operator theory in quantum theory, including spectral analysis (81Q10)

Abstract: We prove the complete asymptotic expansion of the integrated density of states of a Schrodinger operator H = -Delta + b acting in R^d when the potential b is either smooth periodic, or generic quasi-periodic (finite linear combination of exponentials), or belongs to a wide class of almost-periodic functions.

Review text

The authors prove the complete aymptotic expansion (1) \(N(\lambda) \sim \lambda^{d/2}(C_d+ \sum_{j=1}^{\infty} e_j \lambda^{-j}) \) of the integrated density of states \(N(\lambda)\) of a self-adjoint operator \(H=-\Delta+h\) acting in \(\mathbb R^d\) with \(h\) a smooth periodic function or belonging to a wide class of almost-periodic functions. The conditions imposed on the almost-periodic functions are satisfied by a generic class of quasi-periodic functions (finite linear combinations of exponential functions). The constant \(C_d\) in formula (1) is equal to \(2\pi^{-d} \omega_d\), where \(\omega_d\) is the volume of the unit ball in \(\mathbb R^d\) and \(e_j\) are real numbers which can be computed using the heat kernel invariants.NEWLINENEWLINEFormula (1) was proved for periodic potentials and \(d=1\) in [\textit{D. Schenk} and \textit{M. A. Shubin}, Math. USSR, Sb. 56, 473--490 (1987); translation from Mat. Sb., Nov. Ser. 128(170), No. 4(12), 474--491 (1985; Zbl 0604.34015)] and recently for periodic potentials and \(d=2\) in the authors' paper [Invent. Math. 176, No. 2, 275--323 (2009; Zbl 1171.35092)].NEWLINENEWLINEOne of the main difficulties that the authors have to overcome is the study of the resonant eigenvalues. They treat unstable eigenvalues by the gauge transform method, which consists in this case in constructing two pseudodifferential operators \(H_1\) and \(H_2\), \(H_1= e^{i\Psi} H e^{-i\Psi}\), \(\Psi\) a bounded periodic self-adjoint operator of order \(0\) and \(H_2\) close to \(H_1\) in norm. Another idea that helped in extending the result to almost periodic potentials is to consider pseudodifferential operators acting in Besicovitch space instead of \(L^2 (\mathbb R^d)\) (as a substitute for the Floquet-Bloch decomposition).NEWLINENEWLINEFinally, besides the importance of the result which is proved, we have also to mention the accurate and clear writing.

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Cited in

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• Asymptotic expansion of the integrated density of states of a two-dimensional periodic Schrödinger operator
• Perturbation theory for almost-periodic potentials. I: One-dimensional case
• Integrated density of states for the periodic Schrödinger operator in dimension two
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