Sturmian morphisms, the braid group B₄, Christoffel words and bases of F₂

DOI10.1007/S10231-006-0008-ZzbMATH Open1150.05042arXivmath/0507219OpenAlexW2117977979MaRDI QIDQ997566FDOQ997566

Authors: Christian Kassel, Christophe Reutenauer 

Publication date: 7 August 2007

Published in: Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata. Serie Quarta (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We give a presentation by generators and relations of a certain monoid generating a subgroup of index two in the group Aut(F_2) of automorphisms of the rank two free group F_2 and show that it can be realized as a monoid in the group B_4 of braids on four strings. In the second part we use Christoffel words to construct an explicit basis of F_2 lifting any given basis of the free abelian group Z^2. We further give an algorithm allowing to decide whether two elements of F_2 form a basis or not. We also show that, under suitable conditions, a basis has a unique conjugate consisting of two palindromes.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0507219

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zbMATH Keywords

Christoffel wordBraid groupSturmian morphismFree groupSymbolic dynamics

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Algebraic combinatorics (05E99) Free nonabelian groups (20E05) Generators, relations, and presentations of groups (20F05) Automorphism groups of groups (20F28) Braid groups; Artin groups (20F36) Symbolic dynamics (37B10) Combinatorics on words (68R15)

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Cited In (17)

• The \(q\)-analog of the Markoff injectivity conjecture over the language of a balanced sequence
• Balance properties of Arnoux-Rauzy words
• On a generalization of Christoffel words: epichristoffel words
• Music and combinatorics on words: a historical survey
• Perfectly clustering words are primitive positive elements of the free group
• Bowditch's Q-conditions and Minsky's primitive stability
• On an involution of Christoffel words and Sturmian morphisms
• Representation of Artin-Tits groups by transvections.
• Fixed points of Sturmian morphisms and their derivated words
• On Representations of Braids as Automorphisms of Free Groups and Corresponding Linear Representations
• On an action of the braid group \(B_{2g+2}\) on the free group \(F_{2g}\).
• On Sturmian substitutions closed under derivation
• On the superimposition of Christoffel words
• Naming and ordering the modes, in light of combinatorics on words
• A palindromization map for the free group
• Bifix codes and Sturmian words
• Enumerating palindromes and primitives in rank two free groups.

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