Structure theorems for linear and nonlinear differential operators admitting invariant polynomial subspaces

DOI10.3934/DCDS.2007.18.85MaRDI QIDQ998152zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors D. Gómez-Ullate, Robert Milson, Niky Kamran

Publication date 13 August 2007

Published in Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/nlin/0604070

zbMATH Keywords

invariant polynomial subspacesnonlinear differential operatornonlinear separation of variables

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Geometric theory, characteristics, transformations in context of PDEs (35A30) KdV equations (Korteweg-de Vries equations) (35Q53) General theory of ordinary differential operators (47E05) General theory of partial differential operators (47F05) Applications of operator theory to differential and integral equations (47N20) Operator algebra methods applied to problems in quantum theory (81R15) Exactly and quasi-solvable systems arising in quantum theory (81U15)

Abstract: In this paper we derive structure theorems that characterize the spaces of linear and non-linear differential operators that preserve finite dimensional subspaces generated by polynomials in one or several variables. By means of the useful concept of deficiency, we can write explicit basis for these spaces of differential operators. In the case of linear operators, these results apply to the theory of quasi-exact solvability in quantum mechanics, specially in the multivariate case where the Lie algebraic approach is harder to apply. In the case of non-linear operators, the structure theorems in this paper can be applied to the method of finding special solutions of non-linear evolution equations by nonlinear separation of variables.

Review text

The authors derive structure theorems characterizing the spaces of linear and nonlinear differential operators preserving finite-dimensional subspaces generated by polynomials in one or several variables. The direct approach in the case of linear differential operators in one variable, besides the order of the operator, is based on two key invariants that are freely specified, namely, the degree and the deficiency relative to the space of polynomials of degree less than or equal to \(n\). There is given an explicit basis for the spaces of differential operators under consideration. This result is generalized to the case of differential operators with partial derivatives. The paper also contains some structure theorems for the case of nonlinear operators as well as applications of the obtained results.

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Cited in

(8)

• Classification of linear differential operators with an invariant subspace of monomials
• Ordinary differential operators possessing invariant subspaces of polynomial type.
• The equivalent representation of the breadth-one \(D\)-invariant polynomial subspace and its discretization
• A spectral study of the second-order exceptional \(X_1\)-Jacobi differential expression and a related non-classical Jacobi differential expression
• A class of third-order nonlinear evolution equations admitting invariant subspaces and associated reductions
• Maximal dimension of invariant subspaces admitted by nonlinear vector differential operators
• Invariant modules and the reduction of nonlinear partial differential equations to dynamical systems
• The spectral analysis of three families of exceptional Laguerre polynomials

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