On the product of vector spaces in a commutative field extension

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Abstract: Let KsubsetL be a commutative field extension. Given K-subspaces A,B of L, we consider the subspace <AB> spanned by the product set AB=abmidainA,binB. If dimKA=r and dimKB=s, how small can the dimension of <AB> be? In this paper we give a complete answer to this question in characteristic 0, and more generally for separable extensions. The optimal lower bound on dimK<AB> turns out, in this case, to be provided by the numerical function kappa_{K,L}(r,s) = min_{h} (lceil r/h ceil + lceil s/h ceil -1)h, where h runs over the set of K-dimensions of all finite-dimensional intermediate fields KsubsetHsubsetL. This bound is closely related to one appearing in additive number theory.


For \(K\subset L\) an extension of commutative fields, and for positive integers \(r,s\leq \dim_KL\) let \[ \mu_{K,L}(r,s)=\min \{\dim_K\langle AB\rangle\}, \] where the minimum is taken over all \(K\)-subspaces \(A,B\) of \(L\) with \(\dim_K A=r\), \(\dim_K B=s\) (\(\langle AB\rangle\) is the subspace generated by the products \(ab\), \(a\in A\), \(b\in B\)). Let \[ \kappa_{K,L}(r,s)=\min_h \left(\left\lceil \frac rh\right\rceil+ \left\lceil \frac sh\right\rceil-1\right)h, \] where \(h=[H:K]\) runs over the set of \(K\)-dimensions of all finite-dimensional intermediate fields \(K\subset H\subset L\). Suppose that every algebraic element of \(L\) is separable over \(K\). The authors prove that \(\mu_{K,L}(r,s)=\kappa_{K,L}(r,s)\).











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