Quantum division ring

Publication date 4 July 2001

Let \(D\) be a division ring and fix automorphisms \(\alpha_1,\dots,\alpha_n\) (\(n\geq 2\)) of \(D\) and non-zero elements \(q_{ij}\) of \(D\) such that \(q_{ii}=q_{ij}q_{ji}=Q_{ijk}Q_{jki}Q_{kij}=1\), \(\alpha_i(\alpha_j(d))=q_{ij}\alpha_j(\alpha_i(d))q_{ji}\), for any \(d\in D\), where \(Q_{ijk}=q_{ij}\alpha_j(q_{ik})\). The author defines a quantum polynomial ring \(\Lambda\) as the ring generated by \(D\) and elements \(X_1,\dots,X_n\), \(X^{-1}_1,\dots,X^{-1}_r\) subject to the defining relations \(X_iX^{-1}_i=X^{-1}_iX_i=1\) (\(1\leq r\leq n\)), \(X_id=\alpha_i(d) X_i\) (\(d\in D\), \(i=1,\dots,n\)), \(X_iX_j=q_{ij}X_jX_i\) (\(i,j=1,\dots,n\)). The matrix \(Q=(q_{ij})\) is called a system of multiparameters. When \(r=n\), the ring is called a quantum Laurent polynomial ring. The ring \(\Lambda\) always has a division ring of fractions \(F\). Define a subgroup \(N\) of \(F^\times\) by \(N=(F^\times,D^\times)\cap D^\times\); \(N\) may also be described as the subgroup generated by the derived group \((D^\times,D^\times)\) and the elements \(z^{-1}\alpha_i(z)\), where \(z\in D^\times\). The author imposes the following restriction on \(\Lambda\): the images of all the multiparameters \(q_{ij}\) (\(1\leq i\leq j\leq n\)) are independent in the multiplicative Abelian group \(D^\times/N\). Much of the paper is a report on earlier published work on automorphisms of \(\Lambda\) and on the general quantum plane [cf. \textit{J. M. Osborne} and \textit{D. S. Passman}, J. Algebra 176, No. 2, 417-448 (1995; Zbl 0865.16020), \textit{J. Alev} and \textit{M. Chamarie}, Commun. Algebra 20, No. 6, 1787-1802 (1992; Zbl 0760.17003)]. Using the Mal'cev-Neumann construction [\textit{A. I. Mal'cev}, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 60, 1499-1501 (1948; Zbl 0034.30901), \textit{B. H. Neumann}, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 66, 202-252 (1949; Zbl 0035.30401)], one can form a formal power series ring \(P\) from the quantum polynomial ring and the author considers \(F\) as embedded in \(P\). This ring has a valuation, where the monomials are ordered lexicographically and \(|f|\) is the least term in the support of \(f\) (or \(0\) if \(f=0\)). He studies the group \(G\) of automorphisms of \(F\) inducing the identity on \(D\) and shows that each such automorphism has the form \(X_i\mapsto\gamma_iX^\varepsilon_i+u_i\), where \(|u_i|>\varepsilon|X_i|\). Further, he proves that if the \(q_{ij}\) are central in \(D\) and the \(\alpha_i\) act identically on \(D\), then any finite subgroup of \(G\) of automorphisms for which \(\varepsilon=1\), is Abelian. When \(D\) is a field of characteristic \(0\), the automorphisms are described more precisely in terms of inner automorphisms and monomial transformations \(X_i\mapsto\gamma_iX^\varepsilon_i\). Next, the group algebra \(kG\) of the automorphism group is defined as a Hopf algebra, its general properties are stated and its action on \(\Lambda\) is studied. The author shows that (over a field) the Lie algebra of derivations of \(\Lambda\) can be expressed as a direct sum \(L\oplus M\), where \(L\) is an Abelian Lie algebra of dimension \(n\) and \(M\) is the algebra of inner derivations; moreover, when \(\text{char }k=0\), then any finite-dimensional subalgebra of \(M\) is Abelian. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0941.00013].

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