Quantum scale anomaly and spatial

DOI10.1126/SCIENCE.AAU4402MaRDI QIDQ5218595zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Puneet A. Murthy, Luca Bayha, Marvin Holten, Philipp M. Preiss, T. Enss, Selim Jochim, N. Defenu

Publication date 4 March 2020

Published in Science (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1805.04734

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quantum hydrodynamics and relativistic hydrodynamics (76Y05) Anomalies in quantum field theory (81T50)

Abstract: Quantum anomalies are violations of classical scaling symmetries caused by quantum fluctuations. Although they appear prominently in quantum field theory to regularize divergent physical quantities, their influence on experimental observables is difficult to discern. Here, we discovered a striking manifestation of a quantum anomaly in the momentum-space dynamics of a 2D Fermi superfluid of ultracold atoms. We measured the position and pair momentum distribution of the superfluid during a breathing mode cycle for different interaction strengths across the BEC-BCS crossover. Whereas the system exhibits self-similar evolution in the weakly interacting BEC and BCS limits, we found a violation in the strongly interacting regime. The signature of scale-invariance breaking is enhanced in the first-order coherence function. In particular, the power-law exponents that characterize long-range phase correlations in the system are modified due to this effect, indicating that the quantum anomaly has a significant influence on the critical properties of 2D superfluids.

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(4)

• Equation of state of neutron-rich matter in \(d\)-dimensions
• A quantum field-theoretical perspective on scale anomalies in 1D systems with three-body interactions
• Bulk viscosity of resonantly interacting fermions in the quantum virial expansion
• A conformal anomaly from the Fermi velocity renormalization in graphene and Dirac semi-metals

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