Quantum state reconstruction from incomplete data

DOI10.1016/S0960-0779(98)00144-1MaRDI QIDQ1125122zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors S. H. Smith, V. Bužek, Gabriel Drobný, R. Derka, Geanina Cosmina Adam, Harald Wiedemann

Publication date 29 November 1999

Published in Chaos, Solitons and Fractals (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9805020

zbMATH Keywords

Bayesian inferencemaximum entropy principlequantum measurementquantum state reconstructionquantum tomographyWigner function

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Bayesian inference (62F15) Quantum measurement theory, state operations, state preparations (81P15) Quantum computation (81P68) Phase-space methods including Wigner distributions, etc. applied to problems in quantum mechanics (81S30)

Abstract: Knowing and guessing, these are two essential epistemological pillars in the theory of quantum-mechanical measurement. As formulated quantum mechanics is a statistical theory. In general, a priori unknown states can be completely determined only when measurements on infinite ensembles of identically prepared quantum systems are performed. But how one can estimate (guess) quantum state when just incomplete data are available (known)? What is the most reliable estimation based on a given measured data? What is the optimal measurement providing only a finite number of identically prepared quantum objects are available? These are some of the questions we address. We present several schemes for a reconstruction of states of quantum systems from measured data: (1) We show how the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) principle can be efficiently used for an estimation of quantum states on incomplete observation levels. (2) We show how Bayesian inference can be used for reconstruction of quantum states when only a finite number of identically prepared systems are measured. (3) We describe the optimal generalized measurement of a finite number of identically prepared quantum systems which results in the estimation of a quantum state with the highest fidelity.

Review text

The paper addresses the physicist view of data analysis, in the context of standard quantum theory, where an abstract notion of the state of the system needs to be interpreted in terms of genuine experimental data. The maximum entropy principle is used for an estimation of quantum states (i.e. density operators or Wigner functions) when only a fraction of observables (their mean values) is known. State reconstruction via Bayesian inference is described and its fidelity is compared with the maximum entropy reconstruction procedure. Examples of Wigner function reconstruction for various nonclassical states of light, optical homodyne tomography and spin 1/2 states, are discussed in length.

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(24)

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• Qubit representation of qudit states: correlations and state reconstruction
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• Finite quantum tomography and semidefinite programming
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• Exciton propagation via quantum walks based on non-Hermitian coin flip operations
• Maximum and minimum entropy states yielding local continuity bounds
• A locally deterministic, detector-based model of quantum measurement
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• Constructing a qubit POVM from quantum data
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