Quorum of observables for universal quantum estimation.

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Abstract: Any method for estimating the ensemble average of arbitrary operator (observables or not, including the density matrix) relates the quantity of interest to a complete set of observables, i.e. a quorum}. This corresponds to an expansion on an irreducible set of operators in the Liouville space. We give two general characterizations of these sets. All the known unbiased reconstruction techniques, i.e. ``quantum tomographies, can be described in this framework. New operatorial resolutions are given that can be used to implement novel reconstruction schemes.


The set of observables is called quorum if it suffices to give complete quantum information on the system. General conditions for reconstructing an operator from quorum is given in terms of expansion on an irreducible set of operators in the Liouville space. It is shown that all known quantum tomographies (single-mode radiation field, trapped ions, vibration states of molecules and spin systems, etc.) can be described in this framework.











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