RINGS CONTAINING IDEALS WITH BOUNDED INDEX

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A ring \(R\) (not necessarily with identity) is said to have bounded index if there is a positive integer \(n\) such that \(x^n=0\) whenever \(x\) is a nilpotent element of \(R\). The least such \(n\) is called the index of \(R\) and denoted by \(i(R)\). The first three main results of this paper are: (1) if \(R\) is a semiprime ring such that \(R/P\) is a PI-ring (resp. has bounded index) for each prime ideal \(P\) of \(R\), then \(R\) contains a nonzero PI-ideal (resp. ideal having bounded index) and the sum of all PI-ideals (resp. ideals having bounded index) is an essential ideal \(R\); (2) a ring \(R\) is in the lower radical class generated by the class of PI-rings if and only if so is each of its prime factor rings; and (3) if \(A\) is an essential ideal of a semiprime ring \(R\) then \(i(A)=i(R)\). The second half of the paper concentrates on rings \(R\) having a faithful reduced (index 1) right ideal \(A\). In particular it is shown that such \(R\) are semiprime and right nonsingular and that, under a variety of extra conditions, \(R\) is reduced. The paper's results and methods are well-illustrated by a number of examples.











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