Random polynomials with prescribed Newton polytope

DOI10.1090/S0894-0347-03-00437-5MaRDI QIDQ4441811zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Bernard Shiffman, Steve Zelditch

Publication date 7 January 2004

Published in Journal of the American Mathematical Society (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0211391

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Zero sets of holomorphic functions of several complex variables (32A60) Lattice polytopes in convex geometry (including relations with commutative algebra and algebraic geometry) (52B20) Geometric probability and stochastic geometry (60D05) Stochastic processes (60G99)

Abstract: We show that the Newton polytope of a polynomial has a strong impact on the distribution of its mass and zeros. The basic theme is that Newton polytopes determine allowed and forbidden regions for these distributions. We equip the space of (holomorphic) polynomials of degree $leqp$ in $m$ complex variables with its usual $SU(m+1)$-invariant Gaussian probability measure and then consider the conditional measure induced on the subspace of polynomials with fixed Newton polytope $P$. We then determine the asymptotics of the conditional expectation $E_{|NP}(Z^k)$ of simultaneous zeros of $k$ polynomials with Newton polytope $NP$ as $Noinfty$. When $P=Sigma$, the unit simplex, then it is obvious and well-known that the expected zero distribution $E_{|NSigma}(Z^k)$ is uniform relative to the Fubini-Study form. For a convex polytope $PsubsetpSigma$, we show that there is an allowed region on which $N^{-k}{E}_{|NP}(Z^k)$ is asymptotically uniform as the scaling factor $Noinfty$. However, the zeros have an exotic distribution in the complementary forbidden region, and when $k=m$, the expected percentage of simultaneous zeros in the forbidden region approaches 0 as $Noinfty$, yielding a quantitative version of the Kouchnirenko-Bernstein theorem.

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