Randomized reference models for temporal networks
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Random graphs (graph-theoretic aspects) (05C80) Small world graphs, complex networks (graph-theoretic aspects) (05C82) Graph algorithms (graph-theoretic aspects) (05C85) Random matrices (probabilistic aspects) (60B20) Graph theory (including graph drawing) in computer science (68R10) Equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B99) Social networks; opinion dynamics (91D30)
Abstract: Many dynamical systems can be successfully analyzed by representing them as networks. Empirically measured networks and dynamic processes that take place in these situations show heterogeneous, non-Markovian, and intrinsically correlated topologies and dynamics. This makes their analysis particularly challenging. Randomized reference models (RRMs) have emerged as a general and versatile toolbox for studying such systems. Defined as random networks with given features constrained to match those of an input (empirical) network, they may, for example, be used to identify important features of empirical networks and their effects on dynamical processes unfolding in the network. RRMs are typically implemented as procedures that reshuffle an empirical network, making them very generally applicable. However, the effects of most shuffling procedures on network features remain poorly understood, rendering their use nontrivial and susceptible to misinterpretation. Here we propose a unified framework for classifying and understanding microcanonical RRMs (MRRMs) that sample networks with uniform probability. Focusing on temporal networks, we survey applications of MRRMs found in the literature, and we use this framework to build a taxonomy of MRRMs that proposes a canonical naming convention, classifies them, and deduces their effects on a range of important network features. We furthermore show that certain classes of MRRMs may be applied in sequential composition to generate new MRRMs from the existing ones surveyed in this article. We finally provide a tutorial showing how to apply a series of MRRMs to analyze how different network features affect a dynamic process in an empirical temporal network.
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Cited in
(6)- Constructions and applications for null models of complex networks based on randomized algorithms
- Modeling Time-Varying Random Objects and Dynamic Networks
- Improved baselines for causal structure learning on interventional data
- A map of approaches to temporal networks
- Flow of temporal network properties under local aggregation and time shuffling: a tool for characterizing, comparing and classifying temporal networks
- Multilayer network science: theory, methods, and applications
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