Reflecting point-countable families

DOI10.1090/S0002-9939-02-06621-2MaRDI QIDQ4787517zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 7 January 2003

Published in Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1090/s0002-9939-02-06621-2

elementary submodels point-countable base point-countable cover reflection

Consistency and independence results (03E35) Cardinality properties (cardinal functions and inequalities, discrete subsets) (54A25) Consistency and independence results in general topology (54A35) Noncompact covering properties (paracompact, Lindelöf, etc.) (54D20) Metric spaces, metrizability (54E35)

Review text

A reflection theorem is a theorem which says that a space \(X\) has a property whenever all of its ``small subspaces have the property. This paper makes substantial progress in that part of reflection theory related to the well known theorem of Alan Dow: if \(X\) is countably compact and every subspace \(Y\subset X\) with \(|Y|\leq \omega_1\) is metrizable (or has a point-countable base), then \(X\) is metrizable (e.g., see [\textit{A. Dow}, Topology Proc. 13, 17-72 (1988; Zbl 0696.03024)]). The main results use the author's notions of a thin and a short space. A space \(X\) is called thin if \(|X|\leq \aleph_1\) and every separable subspace of \(X\) is countable. A space \(X\) is called short if \(|X|\leq \aleph_1\) and \(X\) is separable. The main theorem: If \(X\) has a dense subspace of cardinality at most \(\aleph_1\) and every \(Y\subset X\) that is the union of a thin and a short space has a point-countable base, then \(X\) has a point-countable base. Meta-Lindelöfness is the property that every open cover has a point-countable open refinement. A reflection theorem, similar to the main result, holds for meta-Lindelöfness, and has as a corollary: If \(X\) has a dense subspace \(D\) with \(|D|\leq \aleph_1\) and every point of \(X\) is a limit point of some countable subset of \(D\) and every thin or short subspace \(Y\subset X\) is meta-Lindelöf, then \(X\) is meta-Lindelöf. The author notes several known results, in addition to Dow's theorem, that are corollaries to his results. We mention two of them. Corollary 3.2.2: If \(X\) has a dense subspace \(Y\) such that every countable subset of \(Y\) has a limit point in \(X\), and every \(Y\subset X\) with \(|Y|\leq\omega_1\) has a point-countable base, then \(X\) is separable metrizable [\textit{R. E. Hodel} and \textit{J. E. Vaughan}, Topology Appl. 100, 47-66 (2000; Zbl 0943.54003)]. Corollary 3.3: If X has density at most \(\aleph_1\) and every subspace \(Y\subset X\) with \(|Y|\leq\omega_1\) has a point-countable base, then the weight of \(X\) is at most \(\aleph_1\) [\textit{J. E. Vaughan}, Topol. Proc. 22, 351-361 (1997; Zbl 0942.54024)]. Five questions are stated at the end of the paper. (Reviewer's remarks: The paper assumes the reader is knowledgeable in the use of elementary submodels. There are a number of misprints in the paper, especially in the proof of the main theorem. We were not able to determine why Corollary 3.2.2 is a direct corollary to the results in the paper.).

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