Reflections on bubble walls

DOI10.1007/JHEP09(2023)013MaRDI QIDQ6055102zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Isabel Garcia Garcia, Giacomo Koszegi, Rudin Petrossian-Byrne

Publication date 25 October 2023

Published in Journal of High Energy Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.10572

zbMATH Keywords

early universe particle physicsphase transitions in the early universespecific BSM phenomenology

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quantum theory (81-XX)

Abstract: We discuss the dynamics of expanding bubble walls in the presence of massive dark photons whose mass changes as they cross the wall. For sufficiently thin walls, we show that there exists a transient kinematic regime characterized by a constant reflection probability of longitudinal -- but not transverse -- modes. This effect can have important implications for the dynamics of expanding vacuum bubbles in the early Universe. Most notably, it leads to a new source of pressure on the expanding interface, featuring a non-monotonic dependence on the $gamma$-factor of the bubble walls and reaching a peak at intermediate $gamma$-factors that we dub Maximum Dynamic Pressure. When this pressure is large enough to halt the acceleration of the bubble walls, the difference in vacuum energy densities goes into making a fraction of the dark photons relativistic, turning them into dark radiation. If the dark radiation remains relativistic until late times, an observable contribution to $Delta{N}_{e}xteff$ is possible for phase transitions with strength $alphasim10^{-2}-10^{-1}$.

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Cited in

(6)

• Logarithmically divergent friction on ultrarelativistic bubble walls
• Quantisation across bubble walls and friction
• Green's functions in the presence of a bubble wall
• Bubble wall dynamics from nonequilibrium quantum field theory
• Gauge fields in the presence of the electroweak bubble wall
• Axion cosmology with multi-branch Yang-Mills

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