Regular solutions of two alternative equations
This paper investigates the following two alternative functional equations involving real functions \(f, g \colon \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}\):\N\begin{align*}\N\big[ f(x+y) + f(x-y) - 2f(x) - 2f(y) \big] \cdot \big[ g(x+y) + g(x-y) - 2g(x) - 2g(y) \big] &= 0, \\\N\big[ f(x+y) - f(x) - f(y) \big] \cdot \big[ g(x+y) + g(x-y) - 2g(x) - 2g(y) \big] &= 0.\N\end{align*}\NUnder regularity assumptions (\(f,g \in C^2(\mathbb{R})\) for the first equation, and \(f \in C^1(\mathbb{R}), g \in C^2(\mathbb{R})\) for the second), the author proves that both equations admit only {trivial solutions}. More precisely:\N\begin{itemize}\N\item For the first equation, either \(f\) is quadratic on \(\mathbb{R}\) or \(g\) is quadratic on \(\mathbb{R}\);\N\item For the second equation, either \(f\) is additive on \(\mathbb{R}\) or \(g\) is quadratic on \(\mathbb{R}\).\N\end{itemize}\N\NThe analysis uses integral representations of Cauchy and quadratic differences and applies continuity arguments to show that nontrivial solutions cannot exist under the given conditions.\N\NThe paper suggests extending these results to cases where \(f\) and \(g\) are merely continuous or defined on general groups, noting that nontrivial solutions may exist in purely algebraic settings.
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