Regularity of the optimal sets for a class of integral shape functionals

DOI10.1007/S00205-024-01984-YMaRDI QIDQ6420891zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Giuseppe Buttazzo, Francesco Paolo Maiale, Dario Mazzoleni, Giorgio Tortone, Bozhidar Velichkov

Publication date 18 December 2022

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1007/s00205-024-01984-y

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Elliptic equations and elliptic systems (35Jxx) Miscellaneous topics in partial differential equations (35Rxx) Optimization of shapes other than minimal surfaces (49Q10)

Abstract: We prove {the first} regularity theorem for the free boundary of solutions to shape optimization problems involving integral functionals, for which the energy of a domain $Omega$ is obtained as the integral of a cost function $j(u,x)$ depending on the solution $u$ of a certain PDE problem on $Omega$. The main feature of these functionals is that the minimality of a domain $Omega$ cannot be translated into a variational problem for a single (real or vector valued) state function. In this paper we focus on the case of affine cost functions $j(u,x)=-g(x)u+Q(x)$, where $u$ is the solution of the PDE $-Deltau=f$ with Dirichlet boundary conditions. We obtain the Lipschitz continuity and the non-degeneracy of the optimal $u$ from the inwards/outwards optimality of $Omega$ and then we use the stability of $Omega$ with respect to variations with smooth vector fields in order to study the blow-up limits of the state function $u$. By performing a triple consecutive blow-up, we prove the existence of blow-up sequences converging to homogeneous stable solution of the one-phase Bernoulli problem and according to the blow-up limits, we decompose $partialOmega$ into a singular and a regular part. In order to estimate the Hausdorff dimension of the singular set of $partialOmega$ we give a new formulation of the notion of stability for the one-phase problem, which is preserved under blow-up limits and allows to develop a dimension reduction principle. Finally, by combining a higher order Boundary Harnack principle and a viscosity approach, we prove $C^{i}nfty$ regularity of the regular part of the free boundary when the data are smooth.

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Cited in

(3)

• On the dimension of the singular set in optimization problems with measure constraint
• A one-sided two phase Bernoulli free boundary problem
• A priori regularity estimates for equations degenerating on nodal sets

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