Relations between univalent and orthogonal polynomials

Zeros of polynomials, rational functions, and other analytic functions of one complex variable (e.g., zeros of functions with bounded Dirichlet integral) (30C15) Special classes of univalent and multivalent functions of one complex variable (starlike, convex, bounded rotation, etc.) (30C45) Orthogonal functions and polynomials, general theory of nontrigonometric harmonic analysis (42C05)

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The author studies connections between \textit{univalent polynomials} \[ p(z)=z+\sum_{k=2}^n\,b_kz^k,\eqno{(1)} \] sequences of polynomials (orthogonal under certain conditions) satisfying \[ Q_{m+1}(z)=(z+\beta_{m+1})Q_m(z)-\alpha_{m+1}Q_{m-1}(z),\;m\geq 1,\eqno{(2)} \] with \(Q_0=1,\, Q_1(z)=z+\beta_1\) and \(\alpha_m,\,\beta_m\) complex numbers satisfying \(\alpha_{m+1}\not= 0\not=\beta_m,\,m\geq 1\), and so-called \textit{para-orthogonal polynomials} constructed from Szegő polynomials \(\{\rho_n\}_{n=0}^{\infty}\) by \[ B_n(z,\omega_n)=\rho_n(z)+\omega_n\rho_n^{\ast}(z),\;| \omega_n| =1,\eqno{(3)} \] where \(\rho_n^{\ast}(z)=z^n\overline{\rho}_n(1/z)\) are reciprocal polynomials. \vskip0.3cm Using known results on the connection between the location of the zeros, close-to-convex functions (not introduced in the paper) and univalence (close-to-convex\(\,\Rightarrow\,\)univalent in \textbf{D}), the main results proved are \textbf{Theorem 1.} Let \(P_{m+1}\) be a polynomial and assume that \(P'_{m+1}\) satisfies (2) with \(\beta_m=1\) and \(0<\alpha_{k+1}\leq 1,\,1\leq k\leq m-1\). In addition assume \[ (\pi-\theta_m)\leq {\pi (m-1)\over m+2}, \] where \(\theta_m=2\arccos{(\kappa_n\cos{(\pi/(m+1))})}\) and \(\kappa_m=\max_{1\leq k\leq m-1}\,\sqrt{\alpha_{k+1}}\). Then \(P_{m+1}\) is not close-to-convex in \textbf{D}. \textbf{Theorem 2.} Let \(U_{k+1}\) be a polynomial, whose derivative is a para-orthogonal polynomial. Setting \(s=(1-r)/(1+r)\) with \(0<r<1\), then for \[ s^k-\left({k+2\over k+1}\right) s^{k-1}+{1\over k+1}\leq 0, \] \(U_{k+1}\) is close-to-convex. \textbf{Theorem 3.} Let \(U_{n+1}\) be polynomials, whose derivatives are para-orthogonal polynomials. Suppose that the inequalities \[ 0<| a_n| \leq {2\over n^2+n-2},\;n>1, \] are valid. Then \(U_{n+1}\) is close-to-convex. Finally the author considers two special cases of para-orthogonal polynomials (\(\omega_n=\pm 1\)) and gives an example with \(a_n=q^n,\,n\geq \) with \(0\leq q<1\) with explicit figures for the location of the zeroes on the unit circle for several values of \(n\).

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scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3859668 (Why is no real title available?)

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