Relative entropy convergence for depolarizing channels

DOI10.1063/1.4939560MaRDI QIDQ2795547zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Alexander Müller-Hermes, Daniel Stilck França, Michael M. Wolf

Publication date 21 March 2016

Published in Journal of Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1508.07021

Sobolev spaces and other spaces of ``smooth functions, embedding theorems, trace theorems (46E35) Quantum information, communication, networks (quantum-theoretic aspects) (81P45) Measures of information, entropy (94A17) Channel models (including quantum) in information and communication theory (94A40)

Abstract: We study the convergence of states under continuous-time depolarizing channels with full rank fixed points in terms of the relative entropy. The optimal exponent of an upper bound on the relative entropy in this case is given by the log-Sobolev-1 constant. Our main result is the computation of this constant. As an application we use the log-Sobolev-1 constant of the depolarizing channels to improve the concavity inequality of the von-Neumann entropy. This result is compared to similar bounds obtained recently by Kim et al. and we show a version of Pinsker's inequality, which is optimal and tight if we fix the second argument of the relative entropy. Finally, we consider the log-Sobolev-1 constant of tensor-powers of the completely depolarizing channel and use a quantum version of Shearer's inequality to prove a uniform lower bound.

Review text

When a (quantum) signal \(\rho\) passes through a stochastic channel, the with time \(t\), the relative entropy \(f(t)=D(T_t(\rho)||\sigma)\) of the signal relative to the noise \(\sigma\) decreases. This decrease is usually exponential: \(\displaystyle\frac{df}{dt}\leq -2\alpha\cdot f\) for some \(\alpha>0\), hence \(f(t)\leq\exp(-2\alpha t)\cdot f(0)\). The main objective of this paper is to find the actual rate of relative entropy convergence, i.e., to find the largest \(\alpha\) for which the above inequalities hold. The authors provide an (almost explicit) formula describing this largest \(\alpha\) in terms of the smallest eigenvalue of the noise-describing matrix \(\sigma\): almost explicit, since it has the form \(\min(g(x):0\leq x\leq 1)\) for an explicit expression \(g(x)\).NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEThe corresponding technique is also used to come up with an improved formula for the concavity of von-Neumann entropy \(S(\rho)\) of quantum states. Concavity means that for every two states \(\rho\) and \(\rho'\) and for every \(\alpha\in [0,1]\), we have \(S(\alpha\cdot \rho+(1-\alpha)\cdot \rho')-\alpha\cdot S(\rho)-(1-\alpha')\cdot S(\rho')\geq 0\); the authors present a new inequality, in which the original zero right-hand side is replaced by a non-negative expression that contains \(\alpha\), the relative entropies \(D(\rho \|\rho')\) and \(D(\rho'\|\rho)\), and the smallest eigenvalues of the states \(\rho\) and \(\rho'\). The authors compare their formula with the previously proposed improvement for the concavity inequality. It turns out that the new inequality is better when \(\alpha\) is close to 0 or 1.

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